Correspondence

Allele frequencies for the 12 short tandem repeat loci of the Investigator Argus X-12 kit were obtained from 514 unrelated Taiwanese individuals (327 males and 187 females). Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium tests with samples demonstrated no significant deviation from expected values for all 12 loci (p > 0.05). The linkage disequilibrium for the 12 loci in the female samples was identical to what was observed in other Han Chinese populations, with only the DXS10103 and DXS10101 loci showing significant linkage disequilibrium after corrected by Bonferroni's correction for multiple testing (p < 0.05/66). No significant differences were observed by population pairwise genetic distance analysis between Taiwanese and other Han Chinese populations. When compared with other Asian, European, and African populations, however, significant differences were observed at more than one locus. The combined mean exclusion chance was 0.99999 in duo cases and 0.99999999 in trio cases. This study used mathematical logic inferred likelihood ratio calculation formulas for full-sister, half-sister from the same father, and paternal grandmother-granddaughter relationships. The results for these three real familial cases suggest that these 12 short tandem repeat loci may appropriate for forensic relationship testing.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic polymorphisms of 12 X‐chromosomal STR loci in Taiwanese individuals and likelihood ratio calculations applied to case studies of blood relationships

Chen

et al. 2014

“…X chromosomal (X-STR) markers have been shown to be a powerful tool for solving complex kinship cases, especially in cases with female offspring and missing alleged father, or in kinship analysis involving large and incomplete pedigrees [1,2]. In recent years, more and more X-STR systems have been developed in the field of population genetics and forensics [3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X chromosomal recombination—A family study analyzing 26 X‐STR Loci in Chinese Han three‐generation pedigrees

Liu

et al. 2013

The aim of this study is to investigate genetic linkage and recombination fractions of 26 X chromosomal (X-STR) loci with two multiplex PCR systems (MX15-STR and MX12-STR). MX15-STR (including DXS7133, DXS6801, DXS981, DXS6809, DXS7424, DXS6789, DXS9898, DXS7132, GATA165B12, DXS101, DXS10075, DXS6800, GATA31E08, DXS10074, and DXS10079) and MX12-STR (including DXS6854, DXS9902, DXS6800, GATA172D05, DXS7423, HPRTB, DXS6807, DXS6803, DXS6804, DXS6799, DXS8378, and DXS8377) were successful analyzed on 206 two-generation families with two or more children and 33 three-generation families with 72 grandsons. Segregation analysis and calculation of recombination fractions between pairs of markers were performed. Linkage analysis of pairs of markers showed that there existed significant linkage (maximum LOD scores >2.0) within the physical distance of 48.5 Mb. Recombination events could be observed within the clusters of closed linked makers spanning <1.0 Mb. These results indicate that close cluster X-STRs used and recombination fractions of the selected loci will be very useful for biostatistical calculations in complex kinship analysis.

“…Although X-chromosomal, Y-chromosomal STRs, or mtDNA can be helpful for kinship analysis, these markers only can be applied to particular cases and their discrimination powers are relative small owing to their unique genetic behaviors [35,36]. Autosomal STR markers are necessary to solve the kinship problems [8,11,37].…”

Section: Power Of Discrimination In Pairwise Kinship Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of 13 linked autosomal short tandem repeat loci in pairwise kinship analysis

Liu

Xue

et al. 2016

In this study, a panel of 13 STR loci locate on chromosome 3, 4, and 17 (D3S2402, D3S2452, D3S1766, D3S4554, D3S2388, D3S3051, D3S3053, D4S2404, D4S2364, AC001348A, AC001348B, D17S975, and D17S1294) were assessed for pairwise kinship analysis. Map distances between these STR loci ranged from 0.07 cM to 97.03 cM. The population genetic study of Chinese Han population showed that linkage disequilibrium exists in two clusters of closely linked markers (D4S2404-D4S2364 and D17S975-D17S1294), in which the recombination fractions were 0.0026 and 0.0001, respectively. The recombination fractions derived from the Rutgers Map for the closely linked markers (genetic distance < 0.5 cM) were significant underestimates in comparison to those of direct observation of STR transmissions in families. When effect of linkage on pairwise kinship testing was evaluated by comparing likelihood ratio (LR) values taking linkage into account, overall LR values increased. But extremely low LRs were also observed. Finally, the power of the 13 STR loci to discriminate relationship among full-sibs, half-sibs, grandparent-grandchild, uncle-niece, and unrelated pairs was assessed with a category fraction. The results showed that about 72.64% of full-sib pairs and about 82.84% of unrelated pairs could be classified correctly. But the category fractions of second-degree relationships drastically reduced to 7.34-35.48%. If only pairs of grandparent-grandchild, half-sibs, and uncle-niece were distinguished, the category fraction was 0.5512, 0.1147, and 0.4362, respectively. Our study results demonstrated that linked STRs were helpful to differentiate the most frequent relationships in pairwise kinship analysis.