A technique is described which permits irradiation of suspensions of human cells in tissue culture either aerobically (equilibrated with air) or under extremely hypoxic conditions (flushed with a mixture of 97 per cent N 2 and 3 per cent C0 2i the oxygen content of which was less than 15 p .p .m .) .An established cell-line, NHIK 3025, originally derived from an early stage of human cancer of the cervix, was used . The D o value of these cells under aerobic conditions was 130 rads and the extrapolation number about 3 . Under extremely hypoxic conditions, the dose-effect curve was exponential with a Do value of 600 rads . The o .e .r . derived from the ratio of the D o values was therefore 4. 6 .2,2,6,6,tetramethyl-4-piperidinol-N-oxyl (TMPN) at a concentration of 10 -2 M exerted a pronounced sensitizing effect under extremely hypoxic conditions (TMPN e .r .=2 . 5), and yielded dose-effect curves with an extrapolation number of 3 . The high radio-resistance of the cell under extremely hypoxic conditions in the absence of TMPN may be relevant to the evaluation of the radio-curability of tumours such as squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix uteri .