Correlations between worm burden and markers of Th1 and Th2 cell subset induction in an inbred strain of mouse infected with <i>Trichuris muris</i>

Else, Kathryn J.; Gm, Entwistle; Grencis, R. K.

doi:10.1111/pim.1993.15.10.595

Cited by 103 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Cytokine profiles associated with nematode resistance vary in detail depending on the particular hostparasite combination, but there is typically a dominant secretion of Th2 type cytokines (3,16,19,23,24,26,32,33,53). Similar tendencies toward Th2 cytokine responses have been observed in cattle (2,20,21) and sheep (22,39,43,48) although the polarization of the response has been less pronounced.…”

mentioning

confidence: 56%

Increased Expression of Interleukin-5 (IL-5), IL-13, and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Genes in Intestinal Lymph Cells of Sheep Selected for Enhanced Resistance to Nematodes during Infection withTrichostrongylus colubriformis

et al. 2005

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Cytokine gene expression in cells migrating in afferent and efferent intestinal lymph was monitored for extended time periods in individual sheep experimentally infected with the nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Animals from stable selection lines with increased levels of either genetic resistance (R) or susceptibility (S) to nematode infection were used. Genes for interleukin-5 (IL-5), IL-13, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-␣), but not for IL-4, IL-10, or gamma interferon (IFN-␥), were consistently expressed at higher levels in both afferent and efferent lymph cells of R sheep than in S sheep. However, only minor differences were observed in the surface phenotypes and antigenic and mitogenic responsiveness of cells in intestinal lymph between animals from the two selection lines. The IL-4 and IL-10 genes were expressed at higher levels in afferent lymph cells than in efferent lymph cells throughout the course of the nematode infection in animals of both genotypes, while the proinflammatory TNF-␣ gene was relatively highly expressed in both lymph types. These relationships notwithstanding, expression of the IL-10 and TNF-␣ genes declined significantly in afferent lymph cells but not in efferent lymph cells during infection. Collectively, the results showed that R-line sheep developed a strong polarization toward a Th2-type cytokine profile in immune cells migrating in lymph from sites where the immune response to nematodes was initiated, although the IFN-␥ gene was also expressed at moderate levels. Genes or alleles that predispose an animal to develop this type of response appear to have segregated with the R selection line and may contribute to the increased resistance of these animals.

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mentioning

confidence: 56%

Increased Expression of Interleukin-5 (IL-5), IL-13, and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Genes in Intestinal Lymph Cells of Sheep Selected for Enhanced Resistance to Nematodes during Infection withTrichostrongylus colubriformis

et al. 2005

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“…IL-17 was measured by ELISA (BD Biosciences). Serum was assayed by ELISA for parasite-specific IgG1 and IgG2a, as described previously (18). Briefly, 96-well plates were coated with 5 g/ml T. muris ES Ag and incubated with serial 2-fold diluted serum.…”

Section: Cell Culture Ab and Cytokine Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

IL-33, a Potent Inducer of Adaptive Immunity to Intestinal Nematodes

Humphreys

Hepworth

et al. 2008

The Journal of Immunology

369

336

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IL-33 (IL-1F11) binds ST2 (IL-1R4), both of which are associated with optimal CD4+ Th2 polarization. Exogenous IL-33 drives induction of Th2-associated cytokines and associated pathological changes within the gut mucosa. Th2 polarization is also a prerequisite to expulsion of the intestinal-dwelling nematode Trichuris muris. In this study, we demonstrate that IL-33 mRNA is expressed early during parasite infection and susceptible mice can be induced to expel the parasite by a regime of exogenous IL-33 administration. IL-33 prevents an inappropriate parasite-specific Th1-polarized response and induces IL-4, IL-9, and IL-13. This redirection requires the presence of T cells and must occur at the initiation of the response to the pathogen. Interestingly, exogenous IL-33 also induced thymic stromal lymphopoietin mRNA within the infected caecum, an epithelial cell-restricted cytokine essential for the generation of Th2-driven parasite immunity. IL-33 also acts independently of T cells, altering intestinal pathology in chronically infected SCID mice, leading to an increased crypt length and intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, but reducing goblet cell hyperplasia. Thus, the ability of IL-33 to induce Th2 responses has functional relevance in the context of intestinal helminth infection, particularly during the initiation of the response.

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“…Serum was assayed by capture ELISA for T. muris-specific IgG1 and IgG2a as described previously (26). Briefly, Immulon 96-well plates (Thermo Electron) were coated with 5 g/ml T. muris E/S Ag and incubated with serum diluted through eight serial 2-fold dilutions from 1/20 to 1/2560.…”

Section: Parasite-specific Ab Elisamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Characterization of Intraepithelial Lymphocytes, Lamina Propria Leukocytes, and Isolated Lymphoid Follicles in the Large Intestine of Mice Infected with the Intestinal Nematode Parasite Trichuris muris

Little

Bell

Cliffe

et al. 2005

The Journal of Immunology

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Despite a growing understanding of the role of cytokines in immunity to the parasitic helminth Trichuris muris, the local effector mechanism culminating in the expulsion of worms from the large intestine is not known. We used flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry to characterize the phenotype of large intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and lamina propria leukocytes (LPL) from resistant and susceptible strains of mouse infected with T. muris. Leukocytes accumulated in the epithelium and lamina propria after infection, revealing marked differences between the different strains of mouse. In resistant mice, which mount a Th2 response, the number of infiltrating CD4+, CD8+, B220+, and F4/80+ IEL and LPL was generally highest around the time of worm expulsion from the gut, at which point the inflammation was dominated by CD4+ IEL and F4/80+ LPL. In contrast, in susceptible mice, which mount a Th1 response, the number of IEL and LPL increased more gradually and was highest after a chronic infection had developed. At this point, CD8+ IEL and F4/80+ LPL were predominant. Therefore, this study reveals the local immune responses underlying the expulsion of worms or the persistence of a chronic infection in resistant and susceptible strains of mouse, respectively. In addition, for the first time, we illustrate isolated lymphoid follicles in the large intestine, consisting of B cells interspersed with CD4+ T cells and having a central zone of rapidly proliferating cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate the organogenesis of these structures in response to T. muris infection.

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Correlations between worm burden and markers of Th1 and Th2 cell subset induction in an inbred strain of mouse infected with Trichuris muris

Cited by 103 publications

References 20 publications

Increased Expression of Interleukin-5 (IL-5), IL-13, and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Genes in Intestinal Lymph Cells of Sheep Selected for Enhanced Resistance to Nematodes during Infection withTrichostrongylus colubriformis

Increased Expression of Interleukin-5 (IL-5), IL-13, and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Genes in Intestinal Lymph Cells of Sheep Selected for Enhanced Resistance to Nematodes during Infection withTrichostrongylus colubriformis

IL-33, a Potent Inducer of Adaptive Immunity to Intestinal Nematodes

The Characterization of Intraepithelial Lymphocytes, Lamina Propria Leukocytes, and Isolated Lymphoid Follicles in the Large Intestine of Mice Infected with the Intestinal Nematode Parasite Trichuris muris

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