Correlations Between Cluster Differentiation 4 Counts, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Clinical Stages, and Hemoglobin Level Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients With Anemia in Merpati Clinic, Wangaya Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia: A Cross-Secti

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) counts, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinical stages, and hemoglobin (Hb) level among HIV-infected patients with anemia.
 Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in November 2017 at Merpati Clinic of Wangaya Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. We selected 79 HIV patients with anemia to participate in our study. We grouped CD4 counts into two categories: <200 cells/μL and ≥200 cells/μL, and we classified the HIV clinical stages into HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
 Results: About 55.7% (44) of men and 44.3% (35) of women were participated in this study. As many as, 91.1% (72) of participants were AIDS patients. The mean Hb was 8.77 g/dl with SD 1.79 g/dl. 81% (64) of study participants were suffered from anemia on chronic disease or inflammatory anemia, and 19% (15) of study participants were suffered from iron deficiency anemia. The median for CD4 counts was 94 cells/μL (3–309 cells/μL) with as many as 78.5% (62) of participants were found to have low CD4 counts (<200 cells/μL). Spearman analysis revealed a positive correlation between CD4 counts and Hb level (r=0.427, p<0.001). Independent sample t-test analysis found a correlation between the HIV clinical stages and Hb level. There was a difference between the mean of Hb level in each stage with the average difference of 0.8 g/dl (95% confidence interval 0.04–1.6; p<0.04).
 Conclusions: There is a correlation between CD4 counts, HIV clinical stages, and Hb level among HIV patients with anemia.

Evaluation of Neurological Manifestations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Aids Patients Admitted to South Indian Tertiary Care Hospital – A Cross-Sectional Study

“…The CD4 count and neurological manifestation were in concordance with previous studies [9,10]. The neurological manifestations that were seen in patients with CD4 counts greater than 200/mm 3 were viral meningitis in two patients and sensory axonal neuropathy, probably Stavudine induced in 1 patient.…”

“…Due to the dynamics of the disease spread in our population as discussed below, males are more likely to be in an advanced disease state as compared to females, which reflects in the greater percentage of widowhood in females. Females have generally been diagnosed as HIV-positive during either routine Ante Natal checkups or when their husbands came with OI [7][8][9]. The most common symptom in our study was a headache with vomiting.…”

Magnitude and associated factors of peripheral cytopenia among HIV-infected children attending at University of Gondar Specialized Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

“…Moreover, red blood cells (RBC) auto-antibodies and the use of various medications may result the consequence of hemolytic anemia. The severity of anemia also increases with advanced stage of HIV disease, the presence of intestinal parasites, malaria, OI and high level of viremia [13][14][15]. Thrombocytopenia is the second most common hematological abnormality found in children with HIV infection.…”