Correlation properties and time-resolved dynamics of linear polarizations emitted by single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers subject to orthogonal optical injection

Abstract

We present an experimental and theoretical study of the polarization and time-resolved nonlinear dynamics of a long-wavelength single-mode linearly polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) subject to orthogonal optical injection. Special attention is paid to the correlation properties of both linear polarizations emitted by the VCSEL. We measure simultaneous time traces of both linearly polarized output signals for several values of the bias current, the strength of the optical injection, and the frequency detuning between master and the free-running VCSEL. Different dynamical regimes, including periodic, period doubling, and irregular dynamics, are observed for both polarizations. For positive frequency detuning we usually find that the orthogonal polarization is the only polarization that contributes to the dynamics of the total power. Only for large values of the bias current and for small values of the optical injection strength, near the border of the periodic region, have we found correlated periodic dynamics in both linear polarizations. For negative frequency detuning we find anticorrelated dynamics in both linear polarizations. The average and dispersion of the time between consecutive pulses that appear in the anticorrelated regime increase with the injected power. The irregular dynamics, characterized by broadened power spectra, is related to large values of the dispersion of the time between pulses. A good overall qualitative agreement is found between our theoretical and experimental results.

Chaos synchronization in mutually coupled 1550-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with parallel polarizations and long delay time

“…The values of the beating frequency are slightly higher than the frequency detuning, probably due to the "frequency pushing" effect. The frequency pushing effect has been observed in previous works for orthogonal optical injection in VCSELs at positive frequency detunings [37]. We can see in the RF spectrum of Fig.…”

Influence of Variable-Polarization Optical Feedback on Polarization Switching Properties of Mutually Coupled VCSELs

“…The internal parameters of 1550-nm VCSEL are chosen as [25], [36], [37]: κ = 125 ns −1 , α = 2.2, γ N = 0.67 ns −1 , γ s = 1000 ns −1 , γ a = 2 ns −1 , γ p = 192 ns −1 . The integration step is chosen as 0.1 ps to capture accurate results.…”

Deterministic and stochastic dynamics of linear polarizations emitted by single-mode VCSELs subject to orthogonal optical injection

“…In this configuration, the linearly polarized external light is injected orthogonally to the linear polarization of a free-running VCSEL [14]. The orthogonal optical injection on long-wavelength VCSELs has received so much interest because of his applications in optical telecommunication networks [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. In these studies the devices had large values of the birefringence parameter and they emitted in a single linear polarization over the whole bias current without optical injection.…”

“…In the maps the different behaviors are represented as a function of the power of the injected light and the detuning between the frequency of the injected signal and the free-running frequency of the orthogonal mode of the VCSEL. The maps have been built using the RF spectra of the total power emitted by the laser to find the boundaries of the different dynamical regimes [31][32][33][34][35], like periodic dynamics, PS and irregular (possibly chaotic) behavior. Simultaneous temporal traces, RF and optical spectra [35] of the total power and both polarizations have been measured in order to analyze the dynamics in more detail.…”

“…Our paper is organized as follows. A summary of the experimental results reported in [32,34,35] for the nonlinear dynamics for small and large values of the bias current are analyzed in section II. In section III we present a theoretical analysis using numerical simulations.…”