Influence of Variable-Polarization Optical Feedback on Polarization Switching Properties of Mutually Coupled VCSELs

Abstract

The polarization switching (PS) properties of mutually coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) subject to variable-polarization optical feedback (VPOF) are investigated numerically. Two injection schemes, parallel-polarization optical injection (PPOI), and orthogonal-polarization optical injection (OPOI) are considered. The effects of VPOF on PS properties are focused on, and the roles of feedback strength, injection strength, and frequency detuning are also discussed. The outputs in the time domain and the polarization evolution through the representation on the Poincaré sphere are further presented to explain the dynamics during the PS process. For PPOI, both VCSELs exhibit similar PS properties, abrupt PS can be observed with the variation of polarizer angle, and are hardly affected by frequency detuning. For OPOI, both VCSELs exhibit mixed polarization for all polarizer angles when without frequency detuning. In particular, frequency detuning induced PS can also be observed for a given polarizer angle, and are affected by the leader-lagged relationship in terms of injection locking effect in mutually coupled VCSELs. These results provide an effective tool to obtain controllable PS in mutually coupled VCSELs, and give more insight into the polarization dynamics.

Power-induced polarization switching and bistability characteristics in 1550-nm VCSELs subjected to orthogonal optical injection

“…[8,9] The emitted light of VCSELs is typically polarized along one of two orthogonal crystal axes due to the cylindrical geometry of the cavity with polarization anisotropy, and a small variation of bias current or device temperature may induce polarization instability. Especially, rich nonlinear dynamical behaviors can be generated by introducing one or more external degrees of freedom in VCSELs, [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] where polarization switching (PS) and polarization bistability (PB) in a VCSEL have shown some promising applications, including all-optical logic gate, all-optical signal processing, and optical storage, and so on. [26][27][28][29][30][31] Introducing optical injection is an effective technique to obtain PS and PB in VCSELs.…”