Correlation patterns of cancer relative frequencies with some socioeconomic and demographic indicators in Brazil: An ecologic study

Abstract

Sex-specific relative frequencies (RF) of oral, esophageal, stomach, colon, rectal, laryngeal, lung, female breast, cervical and penile cancers obtained from a government-sponsored, nation-wide data base of histopathological diagnoses were evaluated with respect to all possible inter-site correlations and with 12 socioeconomic and demographic variables for 23 States in Brazil. Use of bivariate and multivariate methods detected a high positive intercorrelation among RFs of lung, laryngeal and colon cancers regardless of sex. RFs for these 3 sites were also positively correlated with many markers of State development and affluence. Cervical and penile cancers emerged as a distinct subset with respect to their correlation patterns. RFs for these neoplasms were highly (positively) correlated (r = 0.8606, p less than 0.001) with each other and exhibited intense negative associations with many of the affluence markers and the former cancer sites. Bivariate correlations generally exhibited a better fit with female-specific RFs than with data from males which was reflected in the number of strong correlations detected by sex.

The decline in the mortality rates of cervical cancer and a plausible explanation in Shandong, China

“…[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] In contrast, the disease remains widespread in many developing countries, such as in rural areas of Panama and Brazil. 19,20 Our data show a decrease in cervical cancer mortality in the past 25 years. This phenomenon has also been reported for other provinces of here, m ij represents the mortality rates of ith age group and jth time period, a i is the fixed effect of the ith age category, b j is the fixed effect of the jth period category, c k is the fixed cohort effect associated with the ith age category and the kth period category.…”

Risk factors for penile cancer: Results from a case‐control study in china

“…Because of the well established role of sexual behavior in the etiology of cervical cancer (Brinton et al, 1987;Herrero et al, 1990), and the fact that cervical and penile cancers cluster both geographically (Cartwright and Sinson, 1980;Li er a/., 1982;Franco et al, 1988) and within marital couples (Graham et al, 1979;Martinez, 1969;Smith et al, 1980), we were particularly interested in evaluating the relationship of a variety of sexual factors to penile-cancer risk. Like Hellberg et al (1987), we failed to observe a relationship of risk with age at first intercourse, and found only minimal evidence for an association with number of sexual partners.…”

“…Studies that have shown geographic clustering of penile and cervical cancers (Li et al, 1982;Franco et al, 1988) suggest that common etiologic factors may be involved. Although little attention has been given to the relationship of marital and sexual factors to penile cancer risk, such investigations would appear warranted, especially given suggestions of an etiologic role for such sexually transmitted agents as herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) (Hanash et al, 1970) and the human papillomaviruses (HPV) (McCance et al, 1986;Villa and Lopes, 1986).…”

Exposición ocupacional y cáncer de pulmón en fumadores

“…La asociación negativa encontrada en países desarrollados entre la incidencia de cáncer de pulmón y las clases sociales 9 no se reiteró en Rosario 16 , donde la asociación fue positiva, al igual que en un estudio brasileño 7 . Esto es concordante con ciertas caracterís-ticas de esta problación, en la que, a la inversa de lo que se ha dado en países desarrollados 19 , persiste la mayor prevalencia de fumadores en los estratos socioeconó-micos mas altos 17 .…”