Correlation of widespread Holocene and Pleistocene tephra layers from Newberry Volcano, Oregon, USA, using glass compositions and numerical analysis

Kuehn, Stephen C.; Foit, Franklin F.

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2005.11.008

Cited by 35 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Despite general similarity among the Kapedo Tuffs samples, comparisons that consider both the mean and variance of the elemental oxide abundance for each sample do not support any correlations between dated samples or archaeological localities, and serves to emphasize that the number of correlative beds varies by comparative method (e.g., Stokes et al, 1992;Kuehn and Foit, 2006;Pollard et al, 2006). The first standard deviations of the mean of the complete suite of five element oxides (SiO 2 , TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , FeO, and CaO) do not overlap for any sample pair.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…As a first step, we use the mean value of analyzed element oxides from each sample to characterize the general structure of the data using cluster analysis (e.g., Campisano, 2007;Corté s et al, 2007) and the calculation of similarity coefficients (defined by Borchardt et al, 1972) for all possible sample pairs. Similarity coefficients (SC) are the mean of the ratios (<1) obtained by dividing pairs of sample means element by element, with SC > 0.92 considered indicative of a possible correlation (Froggatt, 1992;Kuehn and Foit, 2006). Our second step focuses on sample variance to more precisely examine the degree of compositional similarity among these tephra.…”

Section: Comparative Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Middle Stone Age of the northern Kenyan Rift: age and context of new archaeological sites from the Kapedo Tuffs

Tryon

Roach

Logan

2008

Journal of Human Evolution

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Comparative Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Middle Stone Age of the northern Kenyan Rift: age and context of new archaeological sites from the Kapedo Tuffs

Tryon

Roach

Logan

2008

Journal of Human Evolution

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“…Numerical correlation techniques involving similarity coefficients (SC) and coefficients of variation (CV) to compare geochemical data to facilitate correlation have been used for more than three decades, and are still effective in many tephrostratigraphic studies today (e.g., Kuehn and Foit, 2006;Knott et al, 2007;Xia et al, 2007;Aoki, 2008;Lakeman et al, 2008;Tryon et al, 2008;Paczek et al, 2009;Brendryen et al, 2010). Populations can be clustered into dendrograms according to geochemical similarity based on SCs, as undertaken by Bryndryen et al (2010) using a single linkage (nearest neighbour) protocol via software known as PAST (Hammer et al, 2001).…”

Section: Numerical and Statistical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tephrochronology and its application: A review

Lowe

2011

Quaternary Geochronology

633

535

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Tephrochronology (from tephra, Gk "ashes") is a unique stratigraphic method for linking, dating, and synchronizing geological, palaeoenvironmental, or archaeological sequences or events. As well as utilizing the Law of Superposition, tephrochronology in practise requires tephra deposits to be characterized (or "fingerprinted") using physical properties evident in the field together with those obtained from laboratory analyses. Such analyses include mineralogical examination (petrography) or geochemical analysis of glass shards or crystals using an electron microprobe or other analytical tools including laser-ablation-based mass spectrometry or the ion microprobe. The palaeoenvironmental or archaeological context in which a tephra occurs may also be useful for correlational purposes. Tephrochronology provides greatest utility when a numerical age obtained for a tephra or cryptotephra is transferrable from one site to another using stratigraphy and by comparing and matching inherent compositional features of the deposits with a high degree of likelihood. Used this way, tephrochronology is an age-equivalent dating method that provides an exceptionally precise volcanic-event stratigraphy. Such age transfers are valid because the primary tephra deposits from an eruption essentially have the same short-lived age everywhere they occur, forming isochrons very soon after the eruption (normally within a year).As well as providing isochrons for palaeoenvironmental and archaeological reconstructions, tephras through their geochemical analysis allow insight into volcanic and magmatic processes, and provide a comprehensive record of explosive volcanism and recurrence rates in the Quaternary (or earlier) that can be used to establish time-space relationships of relevance to volcanic hazard analysis.The basis and application of tephrochronology as a central stratigraphic and geochronological tool for Quaternary studies are presented and discussed in this review. Topics covered include principles of tephrochronology, defining isochrons, tephra nomenclature, mapping and correlating tephras from proximal to distal locations at metre-through to sub-3 millimetre-scale, cryptotephras, mineralogical and geochemical fingerprinting methods, numerical and statistical correlation techniques, and developments and applications in dating including the use of flexible depositional age-modelling techniques based on Bayesian statistics.Along with reference to wide-ranging examples and the identification of important recent advances in tephrochronology, such as the development of new geoanalytical approaches that enable individual small glass shards to be analysed near-routinely for major, trace, and rare-earth elements, potential problems such as miscorrelation, erroneous-age transfer, and tephra reworking and taphonomy (especially relating to cryptotephras) are also examined. Some of the challenges for future tephrochronological studies include refining geochemical analytical methods further, improving understanding of cryptotephra dis...

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“…The earliest phase of the eruption was explosive and produced a strongly eastward-focused ( fig. 6) tephra deposit (MacLeod and others 1995) known as the Newberry Pumice, which extends into Idaho (Kuehn, 2002;Kuehn and Foit, 2006). Continue along the unpaved 0.5-mi-long (0.8 km) loop trail to experience the rugged surface of this spectacular young lava flow.…”

Section: 7mentioning

confidence: 99%