Correlation of Trichomonas vaginalis to bacterial vaginosis: a laboratory-based study

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to define the occurrence of different organisms causing vulvovaginitis; to evaluate different laboratory methods used for diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis); and to evaluate the direct score system and clue cell method compared with culture for diagnosis of bacterial and T. vaginalis vaginosis. Methodology: Clinical and laboratory evaluations were performed for 110 patients. Laboratory methods used for bacteriological diagnosis were direct Gram staining for clue cells and scoring by Nugent score system and bacterial culture. T. vaginalis was identified by wet mount microscopic examination, culture, direct Gram, Giemsa staining and acridine orange (AO). Results: The Nugent score method revealed that the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of vaginal discharge by direct rapid microscopic methods were 30% and 80% and for clue cells sensitivity and specificity were 37% and 75% respectively for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis compared to culture. For diagnosis of T. vaginalis, the Nugent score method revealed that the sensitivity and specificity were 60% and 90% respectively, and for clue cells 75% and 80% respectively. For microcopic methods used for T. vaginalis only, the Gram stain and Giemsa stain sensitivities were poor (15.2% and 48.5%, respectively). Wet mount showed reasonable sensitivity of 75.8%. Acridine orange sensitivity was 93.9% and specificity was 97.5%, Conclusion: Prevalent pathogens associated with vaginitis were (Gardnerella vaginalis) G. vaginalis, T. vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis). Wet mount microscopic examination, acridine orange, and high Nugent score were found as rapid and sensitive methods for diagnosis of T. vaginalis.

Leukocyte Lysis and Cytokine Induction by the Human Sexually Transmitted Parasite Trichomonas vaginalis

“…Tv killing of T-cells could therefore potentially subvert anti- Tv immune responses as well as affect the T-cell repertoire in the such that control of concomitant STIs or commensals is dysregulated. Indeed, Tv infection is associated with dysbiosis of microbiota in the FRT and bacterial vaginosis [ 55 – 57 ]. Since T-cell polarization is a delicate and multi-factorial process involving both positive and negative feedback, Tv killing of T-cells could have more complex downstream implications in anti- Tv immunity, on other vaginal microflora, and on mucosal inflammation.…”

Spectrum of vaginal discharge in a tertiary care setting

“…El Sayed Zaki et al . [12] found BV in 39.1% of patients, trichomoniasis in 30% and Mycoplasma hominis infection in 14.5% of patients.…”

Estudo comparativo entre o teste do pH e do KOH versus escore de Nugent para diagnóstico da vaginose bacteriana em gestantes

“…A prevalência da VB encontrada neste estudo foi de 33,3% pelo método pH e KOH e de 35,5% pelo Nugent. Taxas semelhantes (39,3%) foram demonstradas entre grávidas italianas 4 e no Egito, 39,1%, ao se avaliar a ocorrência de diferentes organismos causadores de vulvovaginite em mulheres 8 . No Chile, o valor obtido foi de 30%, ao serem comparados os métodos de Nugent, Spiegel e de Ison e Hay para diagnóstico da VB 10 .…”

“…A prevalência da VB varia segundo a população estudada 8 , ocorrendo em 29,1% das americanas 5 , em 24 e 39,1% de mulheres com queixa de corrimento vaginal na Índia e no Egito 3,8 , respectivamente. Na America Latina, as taxas oscilam entre 30-32% no Chile, em mulheres grávidas e não grávidas 9,10 , e se elevam para 46% na Colômbia 11 .…”