Correlation of the microhardness with the nitrogen profiles and the phase composition in the surface of laser-nitrided steel

Parametric study on laser nitriding of 1.5919 steel

“…Depending on the operational laser parameters (energy density, frequency, number of pulses and laser intensity distribution), nitrogen distribution reached a depth of about 300 nm, while the nitrogen content from 22 at.% at the surface was found to decrease to 4 at.% and the main phases identified within the treated zone were ␥-Fe(N), coexisting (␥ + ) and finally pure -Fe x N. Similar results were obtained in more recent studies on the excimer laser nitriding of steels (Schaaf et al, 1998 , the main difference being the formation of carbonitrides due to the presence of carbon. Similar results, concerning the phase composition of nitrided surfaces were obtained when using laser and pre-heated nitrogen or laser and nitrogen plasma hybrid techniques (Sun et al, 2005).…”

Pulsed laser deposition from a pre‐synthesized Cr2AlC MAX phase target with and without ion‐beam assistance

“…The film hardness was measured with a Fischerscope HV100 nanoindenter (Helmut Fischer GmbH, Sindelfingen, Germany) with a Vickers diamond at an indentation force of 3 mN 49. For measuring the electrical conductivities of the films, a standard four‐point‐probe setup at constant current of 1 mA were carried out 47.…”

Amorphous stainless steel coatings prepared by reactive magnetron-sputtering from austenitic stainless steel targets

“…The maximum indention force was set to 5 mN. Five positions were measured for each sample and the mean values are reported [27].…”