“Correlation of Specific Ana(iif) Pattern and Antibodies Detected in Ana Blot Test in Various Autoimmune Disorders: A Prospective Study”

Abstract

Background: One of the central features of the immune system is the capacity to mount an inammatory response to potentially harmful foreign materials while avoiding damage to self-tissues. Autoimmunity is dened as an immune response leading to reaction with self-antigen, this may be a harmless phenomenon, identied only by the presence of low-titre autoantibodies or autoreactive T cells. These are a major cause of chronic morbidity and disability, affecting up to 1 in 30 adults at some point during life. Autoimmune diseases result from the failure of immune tolerance, the process by which the immune system recognises and accepts self-tissue. Materials And Methods Hospital based Observational study. Total 152 cases were studied with suspected connective tissue disorders attending OPD/IPD in tertiary care hospital in One and a half years (January 2020 to July 2021), but only 57 out 0f 152 cases were screened by ANA IIF Test and ANA BLOT Test both. Result: ANA positivity was more observed in females. Autoimmune disorder was more common in the age group of 20-40 years about 22 cases (38.6%). Most common pattern observed was Homogenous (n=20, 48.78%). Most common band observed is dsDNA (14.92%) followed by SS/RO 60 (13.43%) PO (11.94%), Histone (10.44%) and Nucleosome (10.44%). The sensitivity, specicity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of ANA Blot after comparing it with ANA IIF is 70.73 %, 87.50%, 93.54%, 53.84% respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, detection of ANA by indirect immunouorescence is the most cost - effective screening test in investigating autoimmune disease. ALine-Immuno Assay is performed for further conrmation and detection of specic antibody in sera which can be quantitated with ELISA/RIA/CLIA methods and can help in assessing the prognosis, disease activity and monitoring of therapy for a particular auto-immune disorder. However, despite their easy use, line immunoassays have some drawbacks including lack of sensitivity and specicity for certain antigens.