Correlation of Serum and Salivary Biochemical Parameters in end Stage Renal Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis in Pre and Post-Dialysis State

Seethalakshmi, C; Koteeswaran, Dornadula; Chiranjeevi, V

doi:10.7860/jcdr/2014/10404.5306

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In studies in which salivary urea was measured in a laboratory, there has been a consistent positive correlation between serum and saliva urea, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.51 to 0.98. 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 In most cases, salivary urea concentrations are less than serum urea, with salivary urea (variety of cut-off concentrations) having a sensitivity of 80% to 100% and a specificity of 71% to 100% to detect kidney disease (using a variety of definitions, but including patients with both acute and chronic kidney disease).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Salivary Urea Nitrogen Dipstick to Detect Obstetric-Related Acute Kidney Disease in Malawi

Evans

Cooke

Hemmilä

et al. 2018

Kidney International Reports

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IntroductionObstetric-related acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with adverse outcomes for mother and fetus, particularly in low-income countries. However, laboratory-independent tools to facilitate diagnosis are lacking. We assessed the diagnostic performance of a salivary urea nitrogen (SUN) dipstick to detect obstetric-related acute kidney disease in Malawi.MethodsWomen at high risk for AKI admitted to an obstetric unit in Blantyre, Malawi, were recruited between 21 September and 11 December 2015. Patients underwent serum creatinine (SCr) testing alongside measurement of SUN using a dipstick on admission, and every 48 hours thereafter if evidence of kidney disease was found.ResultsA total of 301 patients were included (mean age 25.9 years, 11% HIV positive). Of the patients, 23 (7.6%) had AKI, stage 1 in 47.8%, most commonly due to preeclampsia/eclampsia. Mean presenting SCr values were 108.8 ± 21.8 μmol/l (1.23 ± 0.25 mg/dl), 118 ± 34.45 μmol/l (1.33 ± 0.39 mg/dl), and 136.1 ± 30.4 μmol/l (1.54 ± 0.34 mg/dl) in AKI stages 1 to 3 respectively. SUN > 14 mg/dl had a sensitivity of 12.82% and a specificity of 97.33% to detect acute kidney disease; the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.551. In patients with normal SUN on admission, perinatal mortality was 11.8%, and was 25.0% if SUN was > 14 mg/dl (P = 0.18).ConclusionThe SUN dipstick was specific but insensitive when used to diagnose obstetric-related AKI. Limited biochemical derangement and low salivary urea concentrations due to physiological changes in pregnancy, as opposed to a technical limitation of the dipstick itself, are the likely reason for the lack of sensitivity in this study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Salivary Urea Nitrogen Dipstick to Detect Obstetric-Related Acute Kidney Disease in Malawi

Evans

Cooke

Hemmilä

et al. 2018

Kidney International Reports

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“…Salivary urea[678917] and creatinine[1819] levels showed positive correlation with serum levels both in cases and controls. This finding is in accordance with the previous finding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[26789] Based on the availability of improved salivary diagnostic systems, this study was designed to test the diagnostic accuracy of salivary levels of creatinine, urea, sodium, potassium, and calcium using diagnostic validity test, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve, and we also aimed to determine cutoff values for salivary creatinine, urea, sodium, potassium, and calcium as indicators of dialysis need in patients with renal failure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic accuracy of salivary creatinine, urea, and potassium levels to assess dialysis need in renal failure patients

Bagalad

Madhushankari

et al. 2017

Dent Res J

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Background:The prevalence of chronic renal failure is increasing because of increase in chronic debilitating diseases and progressing age of population. These patients experience accumulation of metabolic byproducts and electrolyte imbalance, which has harmful effects on their health. Timely hemodialysis at regular intervals is a life-saving procedure for these patients. Salivary diagnostics is increasingly used as an alternative to the traditional methods. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the diagnostic efficacy of saliva in chronic renal failure patients.Materials and Methods:This case–control study included 82 individuals, of which 41 were chronic renal failure patients and 41 were age- and sex-matched controls. Blood and saliva were collected and centrifuged. Serum and supernatant saliva were used for biochemical analysis. Serum and salivary urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus were evaluated and correlated in chronic renal failure patients using unpaired t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, diagnostic validity tests, and receiver operative curve.Results:When compared to serum; salivary urea, creatinine, sodium, and potassium showed diagnostic accuracy of 93%, 91%, 73%, and 89%, respectively, based on the findings of study.Conclusion:It can be concluded that salivary investigation is a dependable, noninvasive, noninfectious, simple, and quick method for screening the mineral and metabolite values of high-risk patients and monitoring the renal failure patients.

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“…Urea nitrogen diffuses from the blood to saliva through the salivary glands and saliva urea nitrogen (SUN) parallels blood urea nitrogen (BUN), which may be measured and used to diagnose kidney disease. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] SUN measurement may be by standard laboratory techniques, but also by a simple dipstick method, using an SUN dipstick. [14][15][16][17][18] SUN, measured by dipstick, has been previously shown to be effective in diagnosing acute and chronic kidney disease in high-income settings, 14 15 and moreover in monitoring response to treatment.…”

Section: Bmj Global Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic performance of a point-of-care saliva urea nitrogen dipstick to screen for kidney disease in low-resource settings where serum creatinine is unavailable

et al. 2020

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BackgroundKidney disease is prevalent in low-resource settings worldwide, but tests for its diagnosis are often unavailable. The saliva urea nitrogen (SUN) dipstick is a laboratory and electricity independent tool, which may be used for the detection of kidney disease. We investigated the feasibility and performance of its use in diagnosing kidney disease in community settings in Africa.MethodsAdult patients at increased risk of kidney disease presenting to three community health centres, a rural district hospital and a central hospital in Malawi were recruited between October 2016 and September 2017. Patients underwent concurrent SUN and creatinine testing at enrolment, and at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months thereafter.ResultsOf 710 patients who presented at increased risk of kidney disease, 655 (92.3%) underwent SUN testing at enrolment, and were included (aged 38 (29-52) years, 367 (56%) female and 333 (50.8%) with HIV). Kidney disease was present in 482 (73.6%) patients and 1479 SUN measurements were made overall. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) correlated with SUN (r=−0.39; p<0.0001). The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.61 for presenting SUN to detect acute or chronic kidney disease, and 0.87 to detect severe (eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m2) kidney disease (p<0.0001; sensitivity 82.3%, specificity 81.8%, test accuracy 81.8%). In-hospital mortality was greater if enrolment SUN was elevated (>test pad #1) compared with patients with non-elevated SUN (p<0.0001; HR 3.3 (95% CI 1.7 to 6.1).ConclusionsSUN, measured by dipstick, is feasible and may be used to screen for kidney disease in low resource settings where creatinine tests are unavailable.

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Correlation of Serum and Salivary Biochemical Parameters in end Stage Renal Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis in Pre and Post-Dialysis State

Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the salivary urea, creatine, sodium, potassium and phosphate in pre dialysis and post dialysis state in end stage renal disease patients and compare with the serum counterpart.

Cited by 21 publications

References 7 publications

A Salivary Urea Nitrogen Dipstick to Detect Obstetric-Related Acute Kidney Disease in Malawi

A Salivary Urea Nitrogen Dipstick to Detect Obstetric-Related Acute Kidney Disease in Malawi

Diagnostic accuracy of salivary creatinine, urea, and potassium levels to assess dialysis need in renal failure patients

Diagnostic performance of a point-of-care saliva urea nitrogen dipstick to screen for kidney disease in low-resource settings where serum creatinine is unavailable

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