Correlation of Cartilage Stiffness to Thickness and Level of Degeneration Using a Handheld Indentation Probe

Niederauer, G. G.; Niederauer, George M.; Cullen, Larry C.; Athanasiou, Kyriacos A.; Thomas, James B.; Niederauer, M.Q.

doi:10.1023/b:abme.0000017550.02388.c5

Cited by 51 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, this method did not allow for detection of any significant differences between intact and degenerated cartilage. Recently, arthroscopic devices such as the Artscan 200 (Artscan Oy, Helsinki, Finland), Actaeon Probe (OBI, San Antonio, TX) and Axiom (Axiom, Fukushima, Japan), which allow quantification of cartilage stiffness by mechanical indentation testing, have been developed (16)(17)(18)(19). However, tissue damage caused by the measurement instruments themselves cannot be ruled out with certainty.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential acoustic properties of early cartilage lesions in living human knee and ankle joints

Hattori¹,

Takakura²,

Ishimura³

et al. 2005

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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Objective. Although numerous studies have been performed to determine whether there are histologic, biochemical, biomechanical, and metabolic differences between knee and ankle cartilage, none have investigated the presence of such differences in living human cartilage. We previously developed an ultrasonic evaluation system for articular cartilage that analyzes the A-mode echogram using wavelet transformation. The current study was undertaken to determine whether the acoustic properties of living human cartilage differ between knee and ankle joints.Methods. Twenty-eight patients were subjected to ultrasonic evaluation under arthroscopy. After arthroscopic grading, the cartilage was measured using an ultrasonic probe. Two quantitative parameters were used, i.e., the maximum magnitude and the echo duration at the 95% interval of the maximum magnitude.Results. In intact cartilage, the maximum magnitude and echo duration did not differ between the knee and the ankle. In lesional cartilage, in contrast, the maximum magnitude was higher, and the echo duration was shorter, in the ankle than in the knee. These differences were statistically significant.Conclusion. Ultrasound findings could be used to judge the degree of early cartilage degeneration in vivo on the basis of objective data such as the maximum magnitude and echo duration. Because we were unable to quantitatively analyze the biochemical and biomechanical properties of the cartilage in this study, our biochemical and biomechanical findings are based only on qualitative assessment. Nevertheless, the results indicate that this ultrasonic evaluation system may be useful for elucidating the processes of articular cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis.Osteoarthritis (OA), also referred to as degenerative joint disease, is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions, although not all joints are equally affected by the disease (1). Studies of cadavers have revealed that full-thickness cartilage defects occur ϳ20 times more often in the knee than in the ankle (2,3). Symptomatic OA with radiographic changes occurs ϳ8-9.4 times more frequently in the knee than in the ankle in patients seeking treatment (4,5). Therefore, several researchers have focused on comparing the cartilages from these 2 joints to determine whether they possess histologic, biochemical, biomechanical, and/or metabolic differences (6-10). There has been a great deal of effort, in studies using cartilage from cadavers, to elucidate the differences between these 2 joints. Indeed, such studies may help us to understand the different susceptibilities of these 2 joints and the pathogenesis of OA in general. However, none of these investigations have been conducted with living human cartilage.We previously developed a novel system for evaluating articular cartilage, in which the acoustic properties of articular cartilage are measured by introducing an ultrasound probe into the knee joint under arthroscopy (11,12). The analysis system is based on wavelet transformation of the reflex echogram from arti...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential acoustic properties of early cartilage lesions in living human knee and ankle joints

Hattori¹,

Takakura²,

Ishimura³

et al. 2005

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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“…Age Greater bone and cartilage healing ability in younger animals 15,57 Genetic background Strain variability, inbred vs outbred 34,43 Unlike the secondary bone present in the adult human long bone cortices, rodent long bone cortices are predominantly primary bone and have minimal cancellous bone available to harvest for autografts. 53 Bone growth in rats continues much longer after sexual maturity than in humans.…”

Section: Model Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models for Evaluation of Bone Implants and Devices

Wancket

2015

Vet Pathol

165

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Bone implants and devices are a rapidly growing field within biomedical research, and implants have the potential to significantly improve human and animal health. Animal models play a key role in initial product development and are important components of nonclinical data included in applications for regulatory approval. Pathologists are increasingly being asked to evaluate these models at the initial developmental and nonclinical biocompatibility testing stages, and it is important to understand the relative merits and deficiencies of various species when evaluating a new material or device. This article summarizes characteristics of the most commonly used species in studies of bone implant materials, including detailed information about the relevance of a particular model to human bone physiology and pathology. Species reviewed include mice, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, dogs, sheep, goats, and nonhuman primates. Ultimately, a comprehensive understanding of the benefits and limitations of different model species will aid in rigorously evaluating a novel bone implant material or device.

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“…4,9 A recent advancement of indentation testing is the handheld indentation probe method. 10 Because of the need for testing small cartilage samples, such as rabbit meniscus (often used for studies of meniscal repair), rat femoral condyle surfaces, or for detailed mapping of a cartilage area, a novel depth and load sensing microindentation test, which does not require large specimens, was established in this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microindentation test for assessing the mechanical properties of cartilaginous tissues

et al. 2006

J Biomed Mater Res

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Mechanical properties of the fresh control, frozen, and vitrified cartilaginous (cartilage and meniscus) samples were measured by microindentation. Indentation depth, elastic modulus, and indentation yield strength were obtained from the microindentation loading curves. Indentation deformation behavior was studied using Hertz contact model. The stress distribution of cartilaginous tissues under indentation loading was analyzed by finite element technique. It was found that fresh tissue shows the lowest indentation depth and the highest elastic modulus and indentation yield strength, followed by vitrified and frozen tissues. The vitrified tissue shows slightly lower but comparable mechanical properties with control tissue. The vitrification technique used in this study can preserve live cells with superior mechanical properties that make it an ideal technique for use in orthopedic and other biomedical applications. The microindentation tests and corresponding analysis methods used in this study offer a simple way to evaluate the mechanical properties of cartilaginous tissues. It suits small sample sizes and it may be used for other biological tissues.

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Correlation of Cartilage Stiffness to Thickness and Level of Degeneration Using a Handheld Indentation Probe

Cited by 51 publications

References 20 publications

Differential acoustic properties of early cartilage lesions in living human knee and ankle joints

Differential acoustic properties of early cartilage lesions in living human knee and ankle joints

Animal Models for Evaluation of Bone Implants and Devices

Microindentation test for assessing the mechanical properties of cartilaginous tissues

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