Correlation of carbon isotope ratios in the cellulose and wood extractives of Douglas-fir

Taylor, Adam; Brooks, J. Renée; Lachenbruch, Barbara; Morrell, Jeffrey J.; Voelker, Steven L.

doi:10.1016/j.dendro.2007.05.005

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Whole tissue (including foliage) d 13 C values are highly correlated with those from extracted tissues (Verheyden et al 2005, Skrzypek et al 2007, Ares et al 2008, Eglin et al 2008, Powers et al 2008, Taylor et al 2008, Eglin et al 2009). The ECS was calibrated with four atropine standards of varying mass to cover the range of N in the samples.…”

Section: Leaf N Concentration Natural Abundance 13 C and 18 Omentioning

confidence: 98%

No evidence that chronic nitrogen additions increase photosynthesis in mature sugar maple forests

Talhelm

Pregitzer

Burton

2011

Ecological Applications

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Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition can increase forest growth. Because N deposition commonly increases foliar N concentrations, it is thought that this increase in forest growth is a consequence of enhanced leaf-level photosynthesis. However, tests of this mechanism have been infrequent, and increases in photosynthesis have not been consistently observed in mature forests subject to chronic N deposition. In four mature northern hardwood forests in the north-central United States, chronic N additions (30 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) as NaNO3 for 14 years) have increased aboveground growth but have not affected canopy leaf biomass or leaf area index. In order to understand the mechanism behind the increases in growth, we hypothesized that the NO3(-) additions increased foliar N concentrations and leaf-level photosynthesis in the dominant species in these forests (sugar maple, Acer saccharum). The NO3(-) additions significantly increased foliar N. However, there was no significant difference between the ambient and +NO3(-) treatments in two seasons (2006-2007) of instantaneous measurements of photosynthesis from either canopy towers or excised branches. In measurements on excised branches, photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (micromol CO2 s(-1) g(-1) N) was significantly decreased (-13%) by NO3(-) additions. Furthermore, we found no consistent NO3(-) effect across all sites in either current foliage or leaf litter collected annually throughout the study (1993-2007) and analyzed for delta 13C and delta 18O, isotopes that can be used together to integrate changes in photosynthesis over time. We observed a small but significant NO3(-) effect on the average area and mass of individual leaves from the excised branches, but these differences varied by site and were countered by changes in leaf number. These photosynthesis and leaf area data together suggest that NO3(-) additions have not stimulated photosynthesis. There is no evidence that nutrient deficiencies have developed at these sites, so unlike other studies of photosynthesis in N-saturated forests, we cannot attribute the lack of a stimulation of photosynthesis to nutrient limitations. Rather than increases in C assimilation, the observed increases in aboveground growth at our study sites are more likely due to shifts in C allocation.

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Section: Leaf N Concentration Natural Abundance 13 C and 18 Omentioning

confidence: 98%

No evidence that chronic nitrogen additions increase photosynthesis in mature sugar maple forests

Talhelm

Pregitzer

Burton

2011

Ecological Applications

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“…Cellulose was not extracted, as whole wood and cellulose isotope time series show similar trends. The small tree ring size complicates further manipulation (Taylor et al 2008;McNulty and Swank 1995;Warren et al 2001). …”

Section: Wood Samples and Isotopic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic trends and different drought adaptive capacity and vulnerability in a mixed Abies pinsapo–Pinus halepensis forest

2010

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The projected temperature rise, rainfall decrease and concentration of rainfall in extreme events could induce growth decline and die-off on tree populations located at the geographical distribution limit of the species. Understanding of adaptive capacity and regional vulnerability to climate change in Mediterranean forests is not well developed and requires more focused research efforts. We studied the relationships between spatiotemporal patterns of temperature and precipitation along the southwestern edge of the Betic range (southern Spain) and measured basal area increment (BAI) and carbon isotope ( ) in tree ring series of Abies pinsapo and Pinus halepensis, two Mediterranean conifer trees with contrasting drought adaptive capacity. Climatic information was obtained from a network covering a wide range of elevations and distances from the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts. Temperature trends were tested by the Mann-Kendall test, and precipitation was thoroughly analyzed by quantile regression. Climatic data showed a warming trend, enhanced since the 1970s, while quantile regressions revealed that drought events worsened Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (68 Climatic Change (2011) 105:67-90during the course of the twentieth century. Long-term decrease of A. pinsapo BAI was related to regional warming and changing precipitation patterns, suggesting increasing drought stress on this species. Both temperature and precipitation in the summer influenced wood in P. halepensis, whereas negative correlation between wood and current autumn temperature was yielded for A. pinsapo. Increased intrinsic water use efficiency was inferred from wood in both species; however, A. pinsapo showed sudden growth reductions under drier conditions, while pine trees were able to maintain almost constant BAI values and lower water costs under increasing long-term water stress.

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“…An aliquot of 0.5-0.7 mg of each wood sample was weighed into a tin capsule for isotopic analyses. Cellulose was not extracted as both whole wood and cellulose isotope time-series show similar long-term trends related to atmospheric CO 2 and climate (Saurer et al 2004;Taylor et al 2008;McNulty and Swank 1995). Furthermore, a carryover effect from year to year would be negligible because we analyzed 5-year periods.…”

Section: Wood Isotopic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition and drought limit the response of water-use efficiency to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide in the Mediterranean fir Abies pinsapo

et al. 2009

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The gas-exchange and radial growth responses of conifer forests to climatic warming and increasing atmospheric CO2 have been widely studied. However, the modulating effects of variables related to stand structure (e.g., tree-to-tree competition) on those responses are poorly explored. The basal-area increment (BAI) and C isotope discrimination (C stable isotope ratio; delta13C) in the Mediterranean fir Abies pinsapo were investigated to elucidate the influences of stand competition, atmospheric CO2 concentrations and climate on intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi). We assessed the variation in delta13C of tree-rings from dominant or co-dominant trees subjected to different degrees of competition. A high- (H) and a low-elevation (L) population with contrasting climatic constraints were studied in southern Spain. Both populations showed an increase in long-term WUEi. However, this increase occurred more slowly at the L site, where a decline of BAI was also observed. Local warming and severe droughts have occurred in the study area over the past 30 years, which have reduced water availability more at lower elevations. Contrastingly, trees from the H site were able to maintain high BAI values at a lower cost in terms of water consumption. In each population, trees subjected to a higher degree of competition by neighboring trees showed lower BAI and WUEi than those subjected to less competition, although the slopes of the temporal trends in WUEi were independent of the competitive micro-environment experienced by the trees. The results are consistent with an increasing drought-induced limitation of BAI and a decreasing rate of WUEi improvement in low-elevation A. pinsapo forests. This relict species might not be able to mitigate the negative effects of a decrease in water availability through a reduction in stomatal conductance, thus leading to a growth decline in the more xeric sites. An intense and poorly asymmetric competitive environment at the stand level may also act as an important constraint on the adaptive capacity of these drought-sensitive forests to climatic warming.

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Correlation of carbon isotope ratios in the cellulose and wood extractives of Douglas-fir

Cited by 33 publications

References 19 publications

No evidence that chronic nitrogen additions increase photosynthesis in mature sugar maple forests

No evidence that chronic nitrogen additions increase photosynthesis in mature sugar maple forests

Climatic trends and different drought adaptive capacity and vulnerability in a mixed Abies pinsapo–Pinus halepensis forest

Competition and drought limit the response of water-use efficiency to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide in the Mediterranean fir Abies pinsapo

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