Correlation between the human fecal microbiota and depression

Naseribafrouei, Ali; Hestad, Knut; Avershina, Ekaterina; Sekelja, Monika; Linløkken, A.; Wilson, Robert; Rudi, Knut

doi:10.1111/nmo.12378

Cited by 848 publications

(639 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…A negative correlation was observed between Faecalibacterium and the severity of depressive symptoms. In another investigation several correlations between microbial composition and depression were reported in a study of 37 depressed patients and 18 healthy controls (Naseribafrouei et al, 2014). The order Bacteroidales was over-represented.…”

Section: Microbiota Immunity and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Microbes, Immunity, and Behavior: Psychoneuroimmunology Meets the Microbiome

Dinan

Cryan

2016

Neuropsychopharmacol

191

121

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There is now a large volume of evidence to support the view that the immune system is a key communication pathway between the gut and brain, which plays an important role in stress-related psychopathologies and thus provides a potentially fruitful target for psychotropic intervention. The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem with a diverse range of organisms and a sophisticated genomic structure. Bacteria within the gut are estimated to weigh in excess of 1 kg in the adult human and the microbes within not only produce antimicrobial peptides, short chain fatty acids, and vitamins, but also most of the common neurotransmitters found in the human brain. That the microbial content of the gut plays a key role in immune development is now beyond doubt. Early disruption of the host-microbe interplay can have lifelong consequences, not just in terms of intestinal function but in distal organs including the brain. It is clear that the immune system and nervous system are in continuous communication in order to maintain a state of homeostasis. Significant gaps in knowledge remain about the effect of the gut microbiota in coordinating the immune-nervous systems dialogue. However, studies using germ-free animals, infective models, prebiotics, probiotics, and antibiotics have increased our understanding of the interplay. Early life stress can have a lifelong impact on the microbial content of the intestine and permanently alter immune functioning. That early life stress can also impact adult psychopathology has long been appreciated in psychiatry. The challenge now is to fully decipher the molecular mechanisms that link the gut microbiota, immune, and central nervous systems in a network of communication that impacts behavior patterns and psychopathology, to eventually translate these findings to the human situation both in health and disease. Even at this juncture, there is evidence to pinpoint key sites of communication where gut microbial interventions either with drugs or diet or perhaps fecal microbiota transplantation may positively impact mental health.

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Section: Microbiota Immunity and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Microbes, Immunity, and Behavior: Psychoneuroimmunology Meets the Microbiome

Dinan

Cryan

2016

Neuropsychopharmacol

191

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In one study on human subjects with depression, no significant difference in the composition of gut microbiota was found between depressed patients and a control group. 109 However, another recent study examined the composition of fecal microbiota in 46 patients with depression and 30 healthy controls, and reported significant differences with increased population of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, and decreased population of Frimicutes in patients with depression. 110 Other evidence that might suggest a role for gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of depression is from studies that have shown certain probiotics can alleviate depressive symptoms in rodent models.…”

Section: Gut Microbiota and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulatory Effects of Gut Microbiota on the Central Nervous System: How Gut Could Play a Role in Neuropsychiatric Health and Diseases

Yarandi

Peterson

Treisman

et al. 2016

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

222

134

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Gut microbiome is an integral part of the Gut-Brain axis. It is becoming increasingly recognized that the presence of a healthy and diverse gut microbiota is important to normal cognitive and emotional processing. It was known that altered emotional state and chronic stress can change the composition of gut microbiome, but it is becoming more evident that interaction between gut microbiome and central nervous system is bidirectional. Alteration in the composition of the gut microbiome can potentially lead to increased intestinal permeability and impair the function of the intestinal barrier. Subsequently, neuro-active compounds and metabolites can gain access to the areas within the central nervous system that regulate cognition and emotional responses. Deregulated inflammatory response, promoted by harmful microbiota, can activate the vagal system and impact neuropsychological functions. Some bacteria can produce peptides or short chain fatty acids that can affect gene expression and inflammation within the central nervous system. In this review, we summarize the evidence supporting the role of gut microbiota in modulating neuropsychological functions of the central nervous system and exploring the potential underlying mechanisms.

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“…The gut microbiota also regulates brain function and behavior through microbiota-gut-brain axis. Many diseases have been found to be related with the number and composition of gut microbiota, including obesity (Ley et al, 2006), diabetes (Qin et al, 2012), hypertension (Yang et al, 2015), liver cirrhosis (Qin et al, 2014), autism (Finegold et al, 2010), depression (Naseribafrouei et al, 2014), Parkinson's disease (Scheperjans et al, 2015), and so on. However, the research on AD and gut microbiota is just beginning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%