Alzheimer’s disease and gut microbiota

Hu, Xu; Wang, Tao; Jin, Feng

doi:10.1007/s11427-016-5083-9

Cited by 280 publications

(209 citation statements)

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“…Evidence also suggests that these commensal species may control the development and function of immune cells throughout the body, including the microglia in the brain [88][89][90] . Therefore, the interaction between gut microbiota, neuroinflammation, and disease may be implicated as a peripheral influence for the pathogenesis of neurological disease [91][92][93] . While it is difficult to infer causality from available data, recent studies performing FMTs from clinical patient populations (e.g., depression, PD) to murine species provide compelling evidence as mice receiving FMTs from healthy humans remain healthy, while those who receiving FMTs from clinical patients begin to exhibit symptoms characteristic of the disease of the human FMT donor 75,94 .…”

Section: Gbmax: Linking the Gut And Neuroinflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To this end, pre-clinical evidence indicates that serum LPS levels correlate with neurodegenerative pathology and neuronal cell death 35,91,[96][97][98] . This is further supported by clinical data as studies report that circulating levels of serum LPS strongly correlate with disease severity in AD, PD, and ALS patients 73,99 .…”

Section: Gbmax: Linking the Gut And Neuroinflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The bidirectional gut-brain-microbiota axis as a potential nexus between traumatic brain injury, inflammation, and disease

Sundman

Chen

Subbian

et al. 2017

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

142

103

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The bidirectional gut-brain-microbiota axis as a potential nexus between traumatic brain injury, inflammation, and disease. AbstractAs head injuries and their sequelae have become an increasingly salient matter of public health, experts in the field have made great progress elucidating the biological processes occurring within the brain at the moment of injury and throughout the recovery thereafter. Given the extraordinary rate at which our collective knowledge of neurotrauma has grown, new insights may be revealed by examining the existing literature across disciplines with a new perspective. This article will aim to expand the scope of this rapidly evolving field of research beyond the confines of the central nervous system (CNS). Specifically, we will examine the extent to which the bidirectional influence of the gut-brain axis modulates the complex biological processes occurring at the time of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and over the days, months, and years that follow. In addition to local enteric signals originating in the gut, it is well accepted that gastrointestinal (GI) physiology is highly regulated by innervation from the CNS. Conversely, emerging data suggests that the function and health of the CNS is modulated by the interaction between 1) neurotransmitters, immune signaling, hormones, and neuropeptides produced in the gut, 2) the composition of the gut microbiota, and 3) integrity of the intestinal wall serving as a barrier to the external environment. Specific to TBI, existing pre-clinical data indicates that head injuries can cause structural and functional damage to the GI tract, but research directly investigating the neuronal consequences of this intestinal damage is lacking. Despite this void, the proposed mechanisms emanating from a damaged gut are closely implicated in the inflammatory processes known to promote neuropathology in the brain following TBI, which suggests the gut-brain axis may be a therapeutic target to reduce the risk of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy and other neurodegenerative diseases following TBI. To better appreciate how various peripheral influences are implicated in the health of the CNS following TBI, this paper will also review the secondary biological injury mechanisms and the dynamic pathophysiological response to neurotrauma. Together, this review article will attempt to connect the dots to reveal novel insights into the bidirectional influence of the gut-brain axis and propose a conceptual model relevant to the recovery from TBI and subsequent risk for future neurological conditions.

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Section: Gbmax: Linking the Gut And Neuroinflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gbmax: Linking the Gut And Neuroinflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The bidirectional gut-brain-microbiota axis as a potential nexus between traumatic brain injury, inflammation, and disease

Sundman

Chen

Subbian

et al. 2017

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

142

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There is interplay between the several genetic and environmental reasons that can be correlated with the pathogenesis of AD but the deposition of extracellular β amyloid (Aβ) senile plaques (SP) and intracellular neurofibrallary tangles (NFT) has been recognized as the major factors for contributing the disease development [110] [111]. Recent research investigations emphasized the role of gut microbiome as the major environmental factor for affecting this dis- Moreover, the prominent role of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) as a treatment modality for AD has been recently come into limelight.…”

Section: Alzheimer's Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabiotics: The Functional Metabolic Signatures of Probiotics: Current State-of-Art and Future Research Priorities—Metabiotics: Probiotics Effector Molecules

Singh¹,

Vishwakarma²,

Singhal³

2018

ABB

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The intricate "orchestered molecular conversation" between the host and gut microbiome is one of the most dynamic research areas in recent years. The rhythmic chemical cross talk in the form of bioactive metabolites and signalling molecules synthesized by gut microbiome plays a significant role for the modulation of human health in diversified ways. They are recognized as low molecular weight (LMW) molecules having versatile chemical attributes. They possess magnificent capability of interacting with surrounding environment and controlling the genes for various genetic, biochemical and physiological functions for maintaining the homeostasis that is now-a-days termed as "small molecules microbes originated (SMOM) homeostasis" in the host. These metabolic signatures have close structural and functional resemblance with small molecules synthesized by host eukaryotic cells and dietary components. Therefore, they may be considered as universalized metabolites contributing to the remarkable phenomenon of epigenetic regulation, cell to cell communication and stability of genome manifesting the overall growth and development of the host and known as "metabiotics". The wide panorama of utilization of probiotics is continuously expanding and conferring the major health benefits through metabiotic components are gaining tremendous momentum therefore recognized as "hidden soldiers" of the body. Therefore firstly, we outline the need and types of metabiotic molecules and depicting their role in human health. Then, we summarize their preventive and therapeutic avenues in various diseases and finally, we propose the current technological interventions, bottlenecks and future perspectives in this field that are implied for accelerating their comprehensive understanding and utilization at industrial scale.

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“…Once infectious agents have been verified as the primordial etiological cues leading to AD, the more practical medications treating AD should at least include, for example, anti-infection agents such as minocycline (El-Shimy et al, 2015; Budni et al, 2016), anti-inflammation agents such as anhydroexfoliamycin (Leirós et al, 2015) or rapamycin (Siman et al, 2015), and anti-oxidation agents such as allicin (Zhu et al, 2015). With similar importance, modulation of gut microbiota from dysbiosis to homeostasis for the early-phase prophylaxis of AD through personalized diet and prebiotic/probiotic supplementation should also be addressed (Hu et al, 2016). …”

Section: Prospectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%