Correlation between Subtypes ofCryptosporidium parvumin Humans and Risk

Abstract

Multilocus microsatellite analysis discriminates among C. parvum strains and is a potential tool for identifying anthroponotic or zoonotic transmission.

Long-term Cryptosporidium typing reveals the aetiology and species-specific epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis in England and Wales, 2000 to 2003

“…Travelrelated cryptosporidiosis was mainly caused by C. hominis but this is influenced by the most frequently visited areas and differences may reflect variations in the endemic Cryptosporidium species of the host countries (about which little is known), or differences in behaviour and exposure during travel to different destinations. It is also possible that outbreaks among holiday makers may occur independently of the indigenous population, particularly if hotel swimming pools are involved [30]. It appears that foreign travel has a role in initiating the autumn peak, although this has not been investigated and should be studied further to investigate community spread and identify risk factors and interventions for disease reduction.…”

“…Multi-locus genotyping of a subset of C. parvum isolates from this collection, analysed with enhanced patient data, has demonstrated a predominance of some alleles linked to anthroponotic transmission, and others linked to zoonotic transmission [30].…”

Additional novel Cryptosporidium genotypes in ornamental fishes

“…The parasite causes self-limiting 49 diarrhoea in immunocompetent individuals but may be chronic and life-threatening to those 50 that are immunocompromised (Hunter et al, 2007). Humans can acquire Cryptosporidium A total of 171 ornamental fishes, belonging to 33 species, were collected from 8 95 commercial aquariums across the Perth metropolitan area in Western Australia (Table 1).…”

Molecular Study of Cryptosporidium spp. in Dogs from Southwest of Iran

“…Human cryptosporidiosis in immunocompetent individuals usually causes acute infection of the digestive system and self-limiting diarrhea, yet, in immunocompromised patients, such as people infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), people with malignancies, solid-organ transplants, and those on hemodialysis may suffer from severe diarrhea and dissemination to extraintestinal sites, particularly the gall bladder, biliary tract, pancreas, and respiratory tract (6,7). Domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) are generally considered as the first domesticated mammal from very early in human history (about 12,000 years ago) and are the most abundant species of carnivore around the world today, whoch are the definitive or reservoir hosts of more than 60 zoonotic parasites, such as Cryptosporidium spp.…”