Correlation between positivity for immunoglobulin A antibodies and viraemia of swine hepatitis E virus observed among farm pigs in Japan

Takahashi, Masaharu; Nishizawa, Tsutomu; Tanaka, Toshinori; Tsatsralt-Od, Bira; Inoue, Jun; Okamoto, Hiroaki

doi:10.1099/vir.0.80909-0

Cited by 70 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Interestingly, no heV rNa positive sera were recorded in seropositive or seronegative domestic pigs, despite the previous findings reported by PRPIĆ et al (2015). this could be due to the fact that the youngest pigs included in this study (less than 6 months of age) were older than 2-4 months of age when the highest peak of viraemia is expected (WU et al, 2002;TAKAHASHI et al, 2005;de DEUS et al, 2008). however, other factors that may influence the results must be taken into account, such as the sensitivity L. Jemeršić et al: Hepatitis E virus persistence in pigs and wild boars in Croatia of the method used, even though this protocol is considered highly sensitive and can detect four Ge copies of genotype 3 derived from pigs (JOTHIKUMAR et al, 2006).…”

Section: Serology Resultscontrasting

confidence: 54%

Differences in hepatitis E virus (HEV) presence in naturally infected seropositive domestic pigs and wild boars - an indication of wild boars having an important role in HEV epidemiology

Jemeršić

Keros

Maltar³

et al. 2017

Vet. arhiv

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hepatitis e (he) is an emerging public health problem in developed countries worldwide. Nowadays, it is known that the hepatitis e virus (heV) has zoonotic potential, whereas domestic pigs and wild boars are recognized as the true reservoirs of the disease. Therefore, the aim of our study was to define the seroprevalence and viral persistence of heV in pigs and wild boars in Croatia. In total, 1424 samples originating from domestic pigs from 14 counties, and 1000 samples of wild boar origin, collected from 16 counties, were tested during 2016 for the presence of heV antibodies using a commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (eLISa). all positive samples, as well as samples originating from in-contact domestic pigs and wild boars, were further tested for the presence of heV rNa using a real time rt-PCr protocol, followed by a nested RT-PCR protocol as a confirmatory test. In 11 of 14 counties, 469 seropositive domestic pigs were found with an overall seroprevalence of 32.94% (95% CI 30.55-35.42), ranging from 8.33% to 60.00%, depending on .04%), ranging from 7.70% to 50.60%. The highest seroprevalence was found in the Vukovar-Srijem and Osijek-Baranja Counties (North-East Croatia) where pig breeding dominates and the highest density of wild boars is recorded. While no positive heV rNa samples were detected in tested domestic pigs, seventeen serologically positive wild boars (11.33%; 95%CI 7.19-17.14) younger than one year of age were found to be heV rNa positive, indicating chronic infection and possible prolonged virus spread into the environment. the detected viral presence despite the immune response indicates that wild boars have a key role in heV epidemiology.

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Section: Serology Resultscontrasting

confidence: 54%

Differences in hepatitis E virus (HEV) presence in naturally infected seropositive domestic pigs and wild boars - an indication of wild boars having an important role in HEV epidemiology

Jemeršić

Keros

Maltar³

et al. 2017

Vet. arhiv

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“…Epidemiological studies have reported that HEV infection is prevalent among wild boars [5,12,26,30] and pigs [10,25] and have suggested that consumption of the meat and liver of these animals is a risk in terms of HEV infection in Japan [5,26,30]. In the present study, the positive rates of anti-HEV IgG and HEV RNA (genotype III) in the wild boars were 4.5% (4/89) and 1.1% (1/89), respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The prevalence of anti-HEV IgG in pigs depends on the age of the animals, and HEV RNA has been detected in 2-to 4-month-old pigs and less commonly in older pigs [10,14,23,25]. Takahashi et al [23,25] reported detection rates of anti-HEV IgG in 6-month-old pigs that ranged from 73.5% (100/136) to 90.4% (226/250), with no HEV RNA detection from any prefecture examined in Japan to date.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Takahashi et al [23,25] reported detection rates of anti-HEV IgG in 6-month-old pigs that ranged from 73.5% (100/136) to 90.4% (226/250), with no HEV RNA detection from any prefecture examined in Japan to date. Although the positive rates of anti-HEV IgG in the present study were similar to those in previous reports, HEV RNA (genotype III) was detected in 1.8% (3/169) of the pig serum samples, and this suggests that HEV genotype III is highly prevalent and widely distributed in pigs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other study in Japan, Michitaka et al [7] reported a positive rate of anti-HEV IgG in wild boars of 25.5% (100/392), and 3.1% (12/ 392) of the wild boars in their study were positive for the HEV RNA genotype III. In the present study, although the seroprevalence of HEV infection in the wild boar was considerably lower than in previous reports, some of the animals in Japan are infected with GIII and may potentially serve as a source of infection in humans.The prevalence of anti-HEV IgG in pigs depends on the age of the animals, and HEV RNA has been detected in 2-to 4-month-old pigs and less commonly in older pigs [10,14,23,25]. Takahashi et al [23,25] reported detection rates of anti-HEV IgG in 6-month-old pigs that ranged from 73.5% (100/136) to 90.4% (226/250), with no HEV RNA detection from any prefecture examined in Japan to date.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa leucomystax) and Pigs in Gunma Prefecture, Japan

Sakano

Morita

Shiono³

et al. 2009

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in wild boars and pigs in Gunma Prefecture, Japan, was serologically and genetically examined. The positive detection rates of anti-HEV IgG and HEV RNA in the wild boars were 4.5% (4/89) and 1.1% (1/ 89), whereas those in the pigs were 74.6% (126/169) and 1.8% (3/169), respectively. The positive rates of anti-HEV IgG and HEV RNA on the 17 pig farms in the present study ranged from 20% to 100%, respectively. One male wild boar approximately 5 years of age was positive for HEV RNA but was negative for anti-HEV IgG. Three pigs from 2 farms were positive for HEV RNA; 2 of these pigs were negative for HEV IgG, and the other was positive. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that all of the HEV ORF1 genes detected in the present study belonged to genotype III. In Gunma Prefecture, HEV is highly prevalent and widespread, and uncooked wild boar and pig meat may have the potential to transmit HEV to humans. KEY WORDS: hepatitis E virus, Japan, swine, wild boar.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 71(1): 21-25, 2009 Hepatitis E virus (HEV), which belongs to the genus Hepevirus, is the causative agent of hepatitis E. Hepatitis E infection has been found in many developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America, where the disease is an important public health concern [15]. HEV is primarily transmitted by the fecal-oral route such as in waterborne epidemics.Recent studies have suggested that HEV is divided into 4 genotypes designated as G I, G II, G III, and G IV [17]. The HEV infections in Asia and Africa are mainly caused by G I, and the majority of the GII infection have been reported in Mexico and Nigeria. On the other hand, only a single case of infection with GIII or GIV has been described in the United States, European counties, Argentina, Taiwan and China [17,21,22]. In Japan, most imported cases with G I have derived from epidemic areas such as Asia and Africa [2]; however, G III or G IV has also been detected in acute hepatitis patients who have never traveled to HEV epidemic areas [6,8,13,14,20,21,24,29]. These patients often have a history of consuming uncooked wild boar (Sus scrofa leucomystax) and sika deer (Cervus nippon) meat and liver [5,27,28]. Also, HEV strains belonging to G I, G III or G IV have been detected in Japanese patients with sporadic acute or fulminate hepatitis E [8, 9, 19-22, 24, 31]. In addition, Yazaki et al. [31] reported that HEV RNA has been detected in 2% (7/363 packages) of sold pig liver on the market by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).In Japan, it has been suggested that the transmission route of HEV remains unclear in approximately 60% of infected patients [1]; zoonotic food-borne transmissions account for 30%, imported infection accounts for 8% and blood transfusion is responsible for 2%. In Gunma Prefecture, Japan, approximately 3,000 wild boars are annually slaughtered for meat [unpublished data], and the number of breeding pigs in the prefecture was approximately 6 million in 2005. According to the Gunma Pre...

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Zoonotic Hepatitis E

Pavio

Bouquet²

2013

Viral Infections and Global Change

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Correlation between positivity for immunoglobulin A antibodies and viraemia of swine hepatitis E virus observed among farm pigs in Japan

Cited by 70 publications

References 44 publications

Differences in hepatitis E virus (HEV) presence in naturally infected seropositive domestic pigs and wild boars - an indication of wild boars having an important role in HEV epidemiology

Differences in hepatitis E virus (HEV) presence in naturally infected seropositive domestic pigs and wild boars - an indication of wild boars having an important role in HEV epidemiology

Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa leucomystax) and Pigs in Gunma Prefecture, Japan

Zoonotic Hepatitis E

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