Correlation between obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus, and pregnancy outcomes: an overview

Zehravi, Mehrukh; Maqbool, Mudasir; Ara, Irfat

doi:10.1515/ijamh-2021-0058

Cited by 43 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…And univariate logistic regression analysis also confirmed that BMI in early pregnancy was a risk factor for GDM (Table 3 ). Our results support the previous view that overweight and obesity significantly increase the risk of GDM [ 48 , 49 ]. Women who develop GDM often have a subclinical metabolic dysfunction before pregnancy compared with women without GDM.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Relationship between gestational body mass index change and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a community-based retrospective study of 41,845 pregnant women

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse health consequences for women and their offspring. It is associated with maternal body mass index (BMI) and may be associated with gestational weight gain (GWG). But due to the heterogeneity of diagnosis and treatment and the potential effect of GDM treatment on GWG, the association between the two has not been thoroughly clarified. Compared to body weight, BMI has the advantage that it considers height during the whole course of pregnancy. Understanding BMI changes during pregnancy may provide new evidence for the prevention of GDM. Methods This study investigated the BMI change of pregnant women based on a retrospective study covering all communities in Tianjin, China. According to the results of GDM screening at 24–28 weeks of gestation, pregnancies were divided into the GDM group and the non-GDM group. We compared gestational BMI change and GWG in the two groups from early pregnancy to GDM screening. GWG was evaluated according to the IOM guidelines. Logistic regression was applied to determine the significance of variables with GDM. Results A total of 41,845 pregnant women were included in the final analysis (GDM group, n = 4257 vs. non-GDM group, n = 37,588). BMI gain has no significant differences between the GDM and non-GDM groups at any early pregnancy BMI categories (each of 2 kg/m2), as well as weight gain (P > 0.05). Early pregnancy BMI was a risk factor for GDM (OR 1.131, 95% CI 1.122–1.139). And BMI gain was associated with a decreased risk of GDM in unadjusted univariate analysis (OR 0.895, 95% CI 0.869–0.922). After adjusting on early pregnancy BMI and other confounding factors, the effect of BMI gain was no longer significant (AOR 1.029, 95% CI 0.999–1.061), as well as weight gain (AOR 1.006, 95% CI 0.995–1.018) and GWG categories (insufficient: AOR 1.016, 95% CI 0.911–1.133; excessive: AOR 1.044, 95% CI 0.957–1.138). Conclusions BMI in early pregnancy was a risk factor for GDM, while BMI gain before GDM screening was not associated with the risk of GDM. Therefore, the optimal BMI in early pregnancy is the key to preventing GDM.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Relationship between gestational body mass index change and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a community-based retrospective study of 41,845 pregnant women

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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“…Obesity is the main influencing factor of PE in women with GDM in this paper. There are many of same pathophysiological changes between obesity and GDM, but obesity was concluded to be associated with greater oxidative stress and inflammation including the imbalance of fat factors ( 181 ), which are related to the occurrence of PE. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance caused by obesity before pregnancy are related to the migration of cytotrophoblast and the reduction of uterine spiral artery remodeling, which is more likely to lead to placental ischemia ( 182 ).…”

Section: Mechanism and Predictive Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preeclampsia: Correlation and Influencing Factors

Yang

2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia (PE) are common pregnancy complications with similar risk factors and pathophysiological changes. Evidence from previous studies suggests that the incidence of PE is significantly increased in women with GDM, but whether GDM is independently related to the occurrence of PE has remained controversial. GDM complicated by PE further increases perinatal adverse events with greater impact on the future maternal and offspring health. Identify factors associated with PE in women with GDM women, specifically those that are controllable, is important for improving pregnancy outcomes. This paper provides the findings of a review on the correlation between GDM and PE, factors associated with PE in women with GDM, possible mechanisms, and predictive markers. Most studies concluded that GDM is independently associated with PE in singleton pregnancy, and optimizing the treatment and management of GDM can reduce the incidence of PE, which is very helpful to improve pregnancy outcomes.

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“…Obesity and excessive weigh gain are common conditions that increase GDM development risk [ 300 ]. Obesity per se is related to increased risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, risk of venous embolism, increased need for labor induction, and cesarean sections [ 301 ]. This is particularly important because of the higher rate of overweight and obesity in women of reproductive age.…”

Section: Adverse Perinatal Outcomes Related To Gdmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoendocrine Dysregulation during Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Central Role of the Placenta

Olmos-Ortíz

Flores-Espinosa

Díaz

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a transitory metabolic condition caused by dysregulation triggered by intolerance to carbohydrates, dysfunction of beta-pancreatic and endothelial cells, and insulin resistance during pregnancy. However, this disease includes not only changes related to metabolic distress but also placental immunoendocrine adaptations, resulting in harmful effects to the mother and fetus. In this review, we focus on the placenta as an immuno-endocrine organ that can recognize and respond to the hyperglycemic environment. It synthesizes diverse chemicals that play a role in inflammation, innate defense, endocrine response, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis, all associated with different perinatal outcomes.

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Correlation between obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus, and pregnancy outcomes: an overview

Cited by 43 publications

References 20 publications

Relationship between gestational body mass index change and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a community-based retrospective study of 41,845 pregnant women

Relationship between gestational body mass index change and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a community-based retrospective study of 41,845 pregnant women

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preeclampsia: Correlation and Influencing Factors

Immunoendocrine Dysregulation during Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Central Role of the Placenta

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