Correlation between fertility drugs use and malignant melanoma incidence: the state of the art

Tomao, Federica; Papa, Anselmo; Russo, Giuseppe Lo; Zuber, Sara; Spinelli, Gian Paolo; Rossi, Luigi; Caruso, Davide; Prinzi, Natalie; Stati, Valeria; Panici, Pierluigi Benedetti; Tomao, Silverio

doi:10.1007/s13277-014-2230-4

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In addition, estrogen receptors have been identified in melanoma cells, as well as in melanocytic nevi (30). Further, certain hormonal preparations, including oral contraceptives and menopausal hormones, can result in hyperpigmentation (31), and some (32;33), although not all (25;34), studies suggest increased risks of melanoma associated with such drug usage. These relations have all raised concern regarding a potential impact of use of fertility medications, particularly since melanoma incidence rates have been increasing during the time that use of fertility drugs has escalated (35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of fertility drugs on cancers other than breast and gynecologic malignancies

Brinton

Moghissi

Scoccia

et al. 2015

Fertility and Sterility

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Objective To examine the relationship of ovulation-stimulating drugs to risk of cancers other than breast and gynecologic malignancies. Design Retrospective cohort study, with additional follow-up since initial report. Setting Five U.S. reproductive endocrinology practices. Patients Among a cohort of 12,193 women evaluated for infertility between 1965 and 1988, 9,892 women (81.1% of the eligible population) were followed through 2010 via passive and active (questionnaires) approaches. Intervention(s) None Main Outcome Measure(s) Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for different fertility treatment parameters for select cancers. Results During 30.0 median years of follow-up (285,332 person years), 91 colorectal cancers, 84 lung cancers, 55 thyroid cancers, and 70 melanomas were diagnosed among study subjects. Clomiphene citrate, used by 38.1% of patients, was not associated with colorectal or lung cancer risks, but was related significantly to melanoma and non-significantly to thyroid cancer risks (respective HRs and 95% CIs of 1.95, 1.18–3.22 and 1.57, 0.89–2.75). The highest melanoma risks were seen among those with the lowest drug exposures, but thyroid cancer risk was most enhanced among the heavily exposed patients (HR=1.96, 0.92–4.17 for those receiving >2250 mg.). Clomiphene-associated risks for thyroid cancer were somewhat higher among nulligravid than gravid women, but did not differ according to distinct causes of infertility. Gonadotropins, used by only 9.7% of subjects, were not related to risk of any the assessed cancers. Conclusions Our results provide support for continued monitoring of risks of both melanoma and thyroid cancer risk among patients receiving fertility drugs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of fertility drugs on cancers other than breast and gynecologic malignancies

Brinton

Moghissi

Scoccia

et al. 2015

Fertility and Sterility

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“…The incidence of malignant melanoma has increased during the last 50 years, especially in women, and has been associated with low parity, late age at first birth, and use of oral contraceptives (107). Several studies and one systematic review have evaluated the risk of malignant melanoma following the use of fertility drugs (30,37,103,104,(107)(108)(109)(110)(111)(112). All but one showed no significant overall increased risk of malignant melanoma with the use of fertility drugs.…”

Section: Malignant Melanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertility drugs and cancer: a guideline

Pfeifer¹,

Butts²,

Dumesic³

et al. 2016

Fertility and Sterility

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Methodological limitations in studying the association between the use of fertility drugs and cancer include the inherent increased risk of cancer in women who never conceive, the low incidence of most of these cancers, and that the age of diagnosis of cancer typically is many years after fertility drug use. Based on available data, there does not appear to be a meaningful increased risk of invasive ovarian cancer, breast cancer, or endometrial cancer following the use of fertility drugs. Several studies have shown a small increased risk of borderline ovarian tumors; however, there is insufficient consistent evidence that a particular fertility drug increases the risk of borderline ovarian tumors, and any absolute risk is small. Given the available literature, patients should be counseled that infertile women may be at an increased risk of invasive ovarian, endometrial, and breast cancer; however, use of fertility drugs does not appear to increase this risk.

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“…Stage III-IV melanoma is one of the most aggressive and therapy resistant human malignancies with poor prognosis and unpredictable progression. Beside skin type, positive family history, genetic background, immunosuppression, also hormonal factors may contribute to development and progression of melanoma [1]. Recently, melanoma was also recognized as an estrogen dependent tumor similarly to breast and ovarian cancer, as higher estrogen levels under pregnancy or fertility drug use may also contribute to malignant transformation of naevi or to melanoma progression [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective Analysis of Clinicopathological Characteristics of Pregnancy Associated Melanoma

Fábián

Tóth

Somlai

et al. 2015

Pathol. Oncol. Res.

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Pregnancy associated melanoma (PAM) by definition appears during pregnancy or within 1 year after delivery. In this retrospective study we analysed the pathological characteristics and survival rate of PAM and matched the data with non-pregnant age- and stage-matched control patients. Between 2003 and 2014, 34 pregnant women (aged 32.5 ± 5.6 years) were diagnosed with melanoma at the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology of the Semmelweis University. During the pathological process histologic subtype, Breslow thickness and Clark level, tumor cell type, mitotic rate, peritumoral inflammation, as well as ulceration, regression, necrosis, vascular invasion and presence of satellite were analyzed and related to clinical data. Primary tumor location and clinical staging, disease course, local recurrence and metastases, 5-year survival rate, other tumor development before or after the diagnosis of melanoma have also been documented. We found no difference in all parameters between pregnant and non-pregnant melanoma cases except peritumoral inflammation which was higher in PAM group, moreover the presence of mild inflammation was significantly higher in PAM group compared to non-pregnancy associated melanoma (NPAM) women group.

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Correlation between fertility drugs use and malignant melanoma incidence: the state of the art

Cited by 10 publications

References 58 publications

Effects of fertility drugs on cancers other than breast and gynecologic malignancies

Effects of fertility drugs on cancers other than breast and gynecologic malignancies

Fertility drugs and cancer: a guideline

Retrospective Analysis of Clinicopathological Characteristics of Pregnancy Associated Melanoma

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