Correlation between environmental pollution indicators and COVID-19 pandemic: A brief study in Californian context

Bashir, Muhammad Farhan; Jiang, Ben Chao; Bilal, B; Komal, Bushra; Bashir, Muhammad Adnan; Farooq, Taimoor Hassan; Iqbal, Najaf; Bashir, Madiha

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.109652

Cited by 414 publications

(389 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Additionally, considering the results of other towns the NO2 values has declined during lockdown and presents the improvement in air quality. Therefore, in support of this result, several studies have been reported globally (Aloi et al, 2020;Bao and Zhang, 2020;Bashir et al, 2020;Kerimray et al, 2020;Kaplan and Avdan, 2020;İban, 2020).…”

Section: No2 Assessment In March 2019 and March 2020supporting

confidence: 57%

Preliminary Assessment of Air During COVID-19 Lockdown: An Unintended Benefit to Environment

Pervaiz

Javid

Khan

et al. 2020

Environ. Nat. Resour. J.

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The death rate of people is increasing globally during the current outbreak of coronavirus. To combat with COVID-19 havoc, the world has adopted lockdown policies, including Pakistan. Ironically, the invisible virus is suffocating humans at a fast rate but on the other side, there is a visible monster in the world gobbling up human health, i.e., air pollution. Therefore, the main rationale of the present research is to visualize the air quality during the 'Lockdown' period in Lahore, Pakistan by mapping via online tools and techniques using a geospatial system. According to the present findings, the concentrations of air pollutants, such as particulate matters (PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen oxides as NO and NO2, and sulphur dioxide, are below the maximum permissible levels of the Punjab Environmental Quality standards (PEQs), although ozone exceeds its PEQs. So in light of the results, once this COVID-19 crisis is over, the government should speed up measures to lessen air pollution to achieve targets of sustainable development goals (SDGs). Moreover, the present results of air assessment during COVID-19 would serve as a useful reminder for the government of Punjab to cut down air emission levels after the pandemic.

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Section: No2 Assessment In March 2019 and March 2020supporting

confidence: 57%

Preliminary Assessment of Air During COVID-19 Lockdown: An Unintended Benefit to Environment

Pervaiz

Javid

Khan

et al. 2020

Environ. Nat. Resour. J.

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“…In many places, COVID-19-induced lockdowns had a positive impact on reducing air pollution (Paital 2020;Paital et al 2020a), whereas in places where air pollution is high and are above the limits (Tables 1 and 2) are found to experience very negative impacts. Because such places are documented with an enhanced rate of both infection and severity in COVID-19 patients as compared to least polluted areas (Bashir et al 2020(Bashir et al , 2020.…”

Section: Covid-19 Severity Under High Air Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollution by NO2 and PM2.5 explains COVID-19 infection severity by overexpression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in respiratory cells: a review

2020

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Many major cities that witnessed heavy air pollution by nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) and particulate matter (PM) have experienced a high rate of infection and severity of the coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19). This phenomenon could be explained by the overexpression of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) on epithelial cell surfaces of the respiratory tract. Indeed, ACE-2 is a receptor for coronaviruses including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 and 2 (SARS-CoV), and ACE-2 is overexpressed under chronic exposure to air pollution such as NO 2 and PM 2.5. In this review, we explain that ACE-2 acts as the sole receptor for the attachment of the SARS-CoV-2 via its spike protein. The fact that respiratory and vascular epithelial cells express ACE-2 has been previously observed during the 2003 epidemic of the SARS-CoV-1 in China, and during the 2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome in Saudi Arabia. High ACE-2 expression in respiratory epithelial cells under air pollution explains the positive correlation between the severity in COVID-19 patients and elevated air pollution, notably high NO 2 and PM 2.5 levels. Specific areas in India, China, Italy, Russia, Chile and Qatar that experience heavy air pollution also show high rates of COVID-19 infection and severity. Overall, we demonstrate a link between NO 2 emissions, PM 2.5 levels, ACE-2 expression and COVID-19 infection severity. Therefore, air pollution should be reduced in places where confirmed cases of COVID-19 are unexpectedly high.

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“…Pollution located in the atmosphere can affect the respiratory system and heart health (16). Chronic diseases can be influenced by air pollution, especially in urban areas (1,6,52). Air pollution in Beijing can cause individuals to be attacked by Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high Covid19 mortality rate in Lombardy and Emilia is influenced by the presence of people at risk, namely having chronic diseases (one of which is in the respiratory tract) so that the body's immunity is low (5). In cases that occur in California, CO and SO 2 have a significant correlation (1). The same thing also happened in Wuhan China, where patients with chronic diseases and those over 60 years have a higher risk of experiencing critical condition or even death (6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Ambient Air Pollution Toward Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid19): A Literature Review

Nasikhah

Pawitra

2020

JKL

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Introduction: WHO has announced coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid19) as a global pandemic at the immune decline, one of which is due to chronic exposure to ambient air pollution. This literature review aims to describe the impact of ambient air pollution toward the risk of being infected by Covid19. Discussion: Covid19 can be found in a bat (host primer), and can be contagious through a person, also possible from pets. The symptoms that sufferers will perceive are fever, cough, diarrhea, myalgia, fatigue, headache, nausea, vomit, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, and some asymptomatic people. The body’s immunity affects a person’s susceptibility to Covid19 infection. The body’s immunity can be affected by ambient air pollution (with PM10, PM2,5, and O3 are the most pollutant in the air in various countries) for an extended period could be the reason for chronic illness (especially, respiratory tract) could reduce immune resistance. Furthermore, it might be happened on increasing at ACE2 activity and can cause increasing infected by Covid19. Prevention action can be done by contributing from all of the sectors at an observance in guarding, physical distancing, quarantine, and maintaining the ambient air quality in the future. Conclusion: Ambient air pollution must be considered as one effort to prevent chronic illness that can reduce immunity, which can increase the risk of being infected with Covid19. Furthermore, future studies will be carried out on ACE2 activity in people infected with Covid19 in order to get more valid results and following current conditions.

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Correlation between environmental pollution indicators and COVID-19 pandemic: A brief study in Californian context

Cited by 414 publications

References 17 publications

Preliminary Assessment of Air During COVID-19 Lockdown: An Unintended Benefit to Environment

Preliminary Assessment of Air During COVID-19 Lockdown: An Unintended Benefit to Environment

Air pollution by NO2 and PM2.5 explains COVID-19 infection severity by overexpression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in respiratory cells: a review

The Impact of Ambient Air Pollution Toward Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid19): A Literature Review

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