Correlation Between Bone Density and Instantaneous Torque at Implant Site Preparation: A Validation on Polyurethane Foam Blocks of a Device Assessing Density of Jawbones

Insertion Torque of Variable‐Thread Tapered Implants in the Posterior Maxilla: A Clinical Study

“…ITVs at implant placement can be objectively recorded using several types of devices including: (1) electronic digital drivers not integrated in the implant drilling unit; (2) manual mechanical spring-style or friction-style wrenches; (3) implant handpieces incorporated in the traditional electronic-controlled surgical motors; and (4) implant handpieces connected to the newly introduced instantaneous torque-measuring systems equipped with calibrated high-precision dynamometers. 30 The authors believe that although these latter devices seem to produce highly consistent and reliable torque measurements, their use is still limited in routine practice. The simplest and most commonly used torque-measuring systems in clinical settings include the manual ratchets and conventional surgical implant motors with various ranges of adjustable torque limits and adjustment scales.…”

Sinus augmentation and concomitant implant placement in low bone‐density sites. A retrospective study on an undersized drilling protocol and primary stability

“…During the measurement procedure, the device displayed as an output the average torque at probing (Cm) and a torque/depth graph showing how the instantaneous torque varied with the depth, together with other parameters (Figure ). The micromotor allows measurement of Cm values between 0 and 35 Ncm, corresponding to a bone density varying from 0 to 1.33 g/cm 3 according to the formula provided by Di Stefano and colleagues, that is, bone density = ([Cm + 10.19]/33.95) g/cm 3 . This interval covers the range of bone‐density values found in the two arches .…”

“…It should be based on a reproducible sequence of surgical acts and its effectiveness should be assessable at the end of surgery by quantitatively measuring immediate implant primary stability. Recently, a torque‐measuring micromotor that enables intraoperative, site‐specific, operator‐independent, and validated quantitative assessment of bone density has been introduced . The micromotor also makes it possible to measure implant primary stability quantitatively, by calculating the integral (I) of the torque‐depth curve, a quantity that has been shown to correlate significantly with immediate bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) at insertion both in tests on a bovine rib model and in the clinical setting .…”

“…Recently, a torque-measuring micromotor that enables intraoperative, sitespecific, operator-independent, 17 and validated quantitative assessment of bone density has been introduced. 18,19 The micromotor also makes it possible to measure implant primary stability quantitatively, by calculating the integral (I) of the torque-depth curve, a quantity that has been shown to correlate significantly with immediate bone-toimplant contact (BIC) at insertion both in tests on a bovine rib model 20 and in the clinical setting. 21 Furthermore, a study on polyurethane foam blocks 22 showed that the integral (I) estimated primary stability reliably and with a greater sensitivity to bone-density variations than other primary stability measuring parameters such as insertion torque (IT) and implant-stability quotient.…”

The effect of undersizing and tapping on bone to implant contact and implant primary stability: A histomorphometric study on bovine ribs

“…Previous studies 10 11 12 have been conducted by our group to validate the use of an instantaneous torque measuring implant motor. A study on bovine ribs by Iezzi et al 11 showed that the average torque (Cm), measured when a special probe was screwed into the implant site at an intermediate step of the site preparation, i.e.…”