Enzyme-deantigenic equine bone (EDEB) and anorganic bovine bone (ABB) are two xenografts made non-antigenic through different processing methods. This study aimed to characterize them for the presence of native bone collagen and other proteins and to compare their histomorphometric outcome when they were used to graft post-extractive sockets. The records of 46 patients treated with EDEB (n = 22) or ABB (n = 24) and followed-up for at least four months after delayed implant placement, were retrospectively collected. Samples of EDEB and ABB were analyzed using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis for the presence of collagen and other proteins. For histomorphometric analysis on bone specimens, newly formed bone and residual biomaterial percentages were calculated. Results of the present study show that EDEB contains type I bone collagen in its native conformation, while no proteins were detected in ABB. Grafting EDEB resulted in a significantly greater quantity of newly formed bone and less residual biomaterial. Our findings suggest that the manufacturing process can greatly affect the graft behavior and a process preserving collagen in its native form may favor bone tissue regeneration.

Underpreparation of the implant-placement sites enabled achievement of successful implant-supported rehabilitation of the posterior maxilla even when both RBH and bone density were low.

Sinus augmentation is a well-known approach to treating alveolar bone ridge atrophy in the posterior maxilla. The preparation of the lateral window is crucial. Its size, design, and position in the vestibular sinus wall may affect the intra- and postsurgical complication rates and affect the intrasurgical activity of both surgeons and assistants. The present paper describes a rational technique that also exploits the guided surgery approach for design and preparation of a lateral window for sinus augmentation, the Low Window Sinus Lift. To illustrate the use of this approach, a case is presented in which the 50-year-old patient had the left maxillary first molar extracted, followed two months later by sinus augmentation and placement of three implants. One year after delivery of the definitive prosthesis, all three implants were successful, and the prosthesis was fully functional. Controlled studies should be undertaken to assess whether this technique provides significant advantages compared to other sinus augmentation approaches.

The low window sinus lift seems to be an effective technique for reducing the risk of sinus-membrane perforation and patient postsurgical discomfort in lateral sinus augmentation. Prospective, comparative studies are needed to investigate whether the technique is more advantageous than the traditional lateral osteotomy and flap-preparation approaches.

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This article describes a technique for performing lateral antrostomy when performing lateral sinus augmentation using a rational approach. Based on a CBCT scan, a surgical guide is designed and manufactured to allow the surgeon to draw the antrostomy flush with the anterior sinus wall and floor, with its height not exceeding 6 mm. The distal antrostomy line is placed in relation to the position of the most distal fixture. This technique facilitates sinus membrane detachment and reduces flap elevation to approximately 10 mm, and potentially prevents intraoperative and postoperative complications saving the patient from later discomfort. The technique is easily reproducible and because it involves a series of standardized steps, it reduces the likelihood of intraoperative errors.