Correlation between bacterial indicators and bacteriophages in sewage and sludge

Abstract:The previously received results of individual processes of hydrodynamic and alkaline disintegration were decisive significant for the conducted research task. The combination of hydrodynamic cavitation (30 minutes duration of the process) and alkaline (pH ≈ 9) to the destruction of activated sludge caused a significant release of organic matter about 1383 mg/dm 3 in comparing to individual processes. Such increase in the SCOD value resulted in a significant growth the efficiency of biogas yield in a two-stage mesophilic-thermophilic processes. The increase in yield was from 26 to 38% depending on the volume of disintegrated sludge. The effect of the two-stage fermentation resulted activated sludge hygienisation. The microbiological analysis of the influence of the fermentation with the different volume of hybrid disintegrated sludge was based on microbiological indicators: Salmonella spp. and coliphages. The obtained results prove the effectiveness of the two-stage digestion process compared to single mesophilic fermentation which not always completely eliminates the above indicators.

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“…Similar results of SOMPCH reduction (8.5%) after mesophilic fermentation obtained by Mandilara et al [40].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…• The portion of WASD (10,20,30,40 and 50% of volume) in anaerobic reactors improves the biogas production. The sample with 50% WASD of volume caused an increase of biogas production about 1746 cm 3 (71% higher production).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesophilic-thermophilic fermentation process of waste activated sludge after hybrid disintegration

Grűbel

Machnicka

Nowicka

2014

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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“…Chlorination causes a greater effect on somatic coliphages than on F-specific phages, but this difference is not great enough to change the relative proportions, and somatic coliphages outnumber F-specific phages in most chlorinated secondary effluents [76,113,117,118].…”

Section: Resistance To Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coliphages as Model Organisms in the Characterization and Management of Water Resources

Torroella

Gutiérrez

Blanch

et al. 2016

Water

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Two groups of bacteriophages that infect Escherichia coli, somatic and F-specific coliphages, have been used in academia as both fecal and viral indicators for many years. Regulatory authorities in different parts of the world are beginning to consider coliphages as indicators of water quality in a range of settings. However, issues such as their potential replication in natural water environments, the cumbersome detection and enumeration methods, a lack of definition concerning which of the two groups should be included in future regulations, and the lack of a clear correlation between coliphages and human viruses and health risks in different water settings remain controversial. This review attempts to shed some light on these contentious issues. The conclusions are that: 1) supposing that they can replicate in some natural water settings, the contribution of coliphages replicated outside the gut will not affect the numbers contributed by fecal pollution and detected by strains recommended for standardized methods; 2) there are easy, fast, and cost-effective methods that can be used in routine laboratories after a little training; 3) perhaps the best option is to determine both groups in a single step; and 4) the low correlation of coliphages with human viruses and health risks is no worse than the correlation between different human viruses.

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“…Based on these regulatory monitoring targets, most culture-or PCR-based biosolid studies have focused on these microorganisms and similar enteric pathogens (i.e., Listeria monocytogenes, enterovirus, and Clostridium perfringens) but have not diversified to other relevant airborne pathogens, like Legionella pneumophila, that may proliferate during stabilization where enteric pathogens cannot (1,9,22,28,34,40,41,53). Only recently, and in limited sample sizes, have researchers begun to directly compare the diverse sludge stabilization methods available, including MAD, liming, and composting, to understand how selected enteric pathogens and indicators are removed (18,22,32,34).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Wastewater Indicators and Human Pathogen Genomes in Biosolids Produced by Class A and Class B Stabilization Treatments

Viau

Peccia

2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Domestic sewage sludges that have been stabilized to reduce pathogen content are termed biosolids; their beneficial reuse for agricultural applications constitutes approximately 60% of the 7 million dry tons generated each year in the United States (6). Driven by health complaints from residents living near application sites, concern has been expressed that a hazardous exposure is created when biosolid aerosols are spread onto fields, incorporated into soils, and released during high-wind events (23,36). Research in the last 5 years has made significant progress in estimating the human exposure to total biosolid aerosols and biosolid indicator microorganisms. Advances include both the development and calibration of theoretical and empirically based microbial aerosol models to assess off-site exposure during land application operations (8,16,31,54) and the application of culture and DNA-based microbial-source tracking methods to these aerosols (5, 14). However, the paucity of information on the viral and bacterial pathogen content of biosolids has limited model use and effectiveness.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classifies end-product biosolids as class A (pathogen free) or class B (contains pathogens) based on indicator content and/or technologies used for stabilization (48). It is therefore important to distinguish between regulatory classes and treatment classes when describing the pathogen load in biosolids. In large U.S. municipalities, biosolids are most commonly stabilized with mesophilic anaerobic digestion (MAD) to produce a class B product, but current trends show that U.S. utilities have or are considering options for upgrading stabilization technology to produce class A biosolids. This includes the conversion to temperature-phased anaerobic digestion (TPAD) operations and/or composting the biosolids after anaerobic digestion (COM) (20). Meeting class A status requires the monitoring of fecal coliforms for estimating pathogen content, while the monitoring of enteric viruses, helminth ova, and Salmonella spp. is not required as long as "time and temperature" requirements are met. The majority of U.S. class A operations choose to meet class A status with time and temperature treatmentbased alternatives. Based on these regulatory monitoring targets, most culture-or PCR-based biosolid studies have focused on these microorganisms and similar enteric pathogens (i.e., Listeria monocytogenes, enterovirus, and Clostridium perfringens) but have not diversified to other relevant airborne pathogens, like Legionella pneumophila, that may proliferate during stabilization where enteric pathogens cannot (1,9,22,28,34,40,41,53). Only recently, and in limited sample sizes, have researchers begun to directly compare the diverse sludge stabilization methods available, including MAD, liming, and composting, to understand how selected enteric pathogens and indicators are removed (18, 22, 32, 34).

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Correlation between bacterial indicators and bacteriophages in sewage and sludge

Cited by 58 publications

References 24 publications

Mesophilic-thermophilic fermentation process of waste activated sludge after hybrid disintegration

Mesophilic-thermophilic fermentation process of waste activated sludge after hybrid disintegration

Coliphages as Model Organisms in the Characterization and Management of Water Resources

Survey of Wastewater Indicators and Human Pathogen Genomes in Biosolids Produced by Class A and Class B Stabilization Treatments

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