“…Shepard and Hohenshil (1983) surveyed 218 practicing school psychologists and found i,hat 75% of the respondents applied 3% or less of their time to vocational responsibilities, and that 91% felt unprepared to provide effective vocational services, despite perceiving these activities to be important. Levinson (1988), in a study of Pennsylvania school psychologists, found that 66% had no involvement in vocational assessment, 61% had no involvement in vocational counseling, 59% had not consulted with vocational instructors, and 87% had no involvement in vocational program development. Similarly, Carey (1995), in a national study of school psychologists, found that less than I% of time was spent in vocational assessment.…”