Correlates of Psychological Distress Among Pakistani Adults During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Parallel and Serial Mediation Analyses

Ashraf, Farzana; Zareen, Gull; Nusrat, Aasia; Arif, Amna; Griffiths, Mark D.

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.647821

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Surprisingly, consuming healthy, eco-friendly, and sustainable products reduces PD ( Kushwah et al, 2019 ). In addition to this, the studies have found that PD and MS increase the effect of FCV ( Menzies and Menzies, 2020 ; Ashraf et al, 2021 ), and they impact the purchase behavior of consumers. Still, fewer have investigated the mediation of MS and PD between the FCV and GPB.…”

Section: Literature Review and Hypothesis Developmentmentioning

confidence: 92%

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The Effect of Fear of COVID-19 on Green Purchase Behavior in Pakistan: A Multi-Group Analysis Between Infected and Non-infected

Sajid

Hussain

et al. 2022

Front. Psychol.

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its effects on an individual’s life have altered the consumer behavior. In the context of purchase and consumption, a shift from conventional to green purchase has been noticed. Although the factors underlying this shift were relatively unexplored, the study aimed to identify the factors that influenced a significant role in the green purchases during the outbreak and the relationship of these factors with green purchase behavior (GPB). Subsequently, this study investigates and interprets the role of fear of COVID-19 (FCV), psychological distress (PD), and mortality salience (MS) in predicting consumer’s GPB. This research adopted a quantitative methodology using data collected from 432 respondents in various cities across Pakistan. Smart-PLS 3 was used to evaluate the measurement model, structural model, and multi-group analysis (MGA). Despite having the negative psychological and physical impact of the pandemic, a significant proportion of customers have switched to healthier and sustainable products. This research revealed that the FCV, PD, and MS plays a substantial role in adopting GPB. All the direct relationships were positive and significant. In addition, MS and PD partially mediate the effect of FCV on GPB. Furthermore, the MGA revealed that the infected respondents were interested in purchasing green products than uninfected respondents due to their FCV; conversely, the PD and MS were higher in uninfected individuals than infected ones. However, there is a vast literature on GPB, but little has investigated the cumulative impact of FCV, PD, and MS on GPB.

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Section: Literature Review and Hypothesis Developmentmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Researchers have found that PD significantly impacts an individual’s health, and sometimes they find coping strategies to reduce the distress. A study conducted by Ashraf et al (2021) found that searching for meaning in life and feeling satisfied may reduce PD.…”

Section: Literature Review and Hypothesis Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Fear of COVID-19 on Green Purchase Behavior in Pakistan: A Multi-Group Analysis Between Infected and Non-infected

Sajid

Hussain

et al. 2022

Front. Psychol.

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“…As in the rest of the world, COVID-19 had a similar impact on mental health in Pakistan with an increase in the average level of stress, anxiety and depression 69. The COVID-19 pandemic also had a negative impact on mental health issues such as grief, helplessness, psychological distress, shame, post-traumatic symptoms, anger, stigma, depression, panic attacks, anxiety, loneliness, fear and anger 71 72. Community living depends on family interaction, social support and cultural activities to keep people busy and happy.…”

Section: Mental Health In Pakistanmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mental health of China and Pakistan, mental health laws and COVID-19 mental health policies: a comparative review

Shah

Sun

et al. 2022

Gen Psych

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Mental health is one of the major causes of disability worldwide, and mental health problems such as depression and anxiety are ranked among the top 25 leading causes of disease burden in the world. This burden is considerable over the lifetime of both men and women and in various settings and ages. This study aims to compare the mental health status of people in China and Pakistan and to highlight the mental health laws and policies during COVID-19 and afterwards. According to the literature on mental health, before the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health problems increased gradually, but during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, an abrupt surge occurred in mental health problems. To overcome mental health disorders, most (but not all) countries have mental health laws, but some countries ignore mental health disorders. China is one such country that has mental health laws and policies and, during the COVID-19 pandemic, China made beneficial and robust policies and laws, thereby succeeding in defeating the COVID-19 pandemic. The mortality rate and financial loss were also lower than in other countries. While Pakistan has mental health laws and general health policies, the law is only limited to paperwork and books. When it came to COVID-19, Pakistan did not make any specific laws to overcome the virus. Mental health problems are greater in Pakistan than in China, and China’s mental health laws and policies are more robust and more widely implemented than those in Pakistan. We conclude that there are fewer mental health issues in China than in Pakistan both before and since the COVID-19 pandemic. China has strong mental health laws and these are robustly implemented, while the mental health law in Pakistan is not applied in practice.

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“…In times of crisis, meaningfulness is a resource that fundamentally determines whether a person sees their life as worth living and is therefore willing and motivated to actively overcome challenges and take responsibility for their health [20]. Various studies have shown that meaning in life was a protective factor during the pandemic [2,[23][24][25][26]. At the same time, it emerged that for quite a few people, the large-scale crisis was accompanied by a shaking of their worldview [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meaningfulness protects from and crisis of meaning exacerbates general mental distress longitudinally

Schnell

Krampe

2022

BMC Psychiatry

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Background Reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic are diverse, and both mental distress and existential crises can arise. The identification of protective and exacerbating factors and their progress over time is therefore highly relevant. The current study examined longitudinal protective effects of meaningfulness and exacerbating effects of crisis of meaning on general mental distress. Methods N = 431 participants from Germany and Austria (mean age: 42 years) completed an online survey in both April/May (T1) and July/August 2020 (T2). After determining temporal stability or changes in meaningfulness, crisis of meaning, and general mental distress (PHQ-4), we examined whether (i) meaningfulness and (ii) crisis of meaning, measured at T1, incrementally predicted PHQ-4 at T2, beyond baseline levels of PHQ-4. We further tested (iii) a within-subject mediation of temporal changes in PHQ-4 by changes in crisis of meaning. Results Meaningfulness prospectively predicted lower PHQ-4, and crisis of meaning predicted higher PHQ-4. From the first wave of the pandemic until a slowdown three months later, meaningfulness was stable, and crisis of meaning and PHQ-4 decreased. Changes in crisis of meaning mediated the changes in PHQ-4. Conclusions Meaningfulness appears to have a protective, and crisis of meaning an exacerbating effect on psychological distress, as shown here for the time of the first pandemic wave until three months later. Attention to existential experiences of meaningfulness and loss of meaning thus proves relevant to the clinical and public health context. Measures that support meaningfulness will help coping with crises of meaning, which in turn supports overcoming general mental distress.

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Correlates of Psychological Distress Among Pakistani Adults During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Parallel and Serial Mediation Analyses

Cited by 9 publications

References 58 publications

The Effect of Fear of COVID-19 on Green Purchase Behavior in Pakistan: A Multi-Group Analysis Between Infected and Non-infected

The Effect of Fear of COVID-19 on Green Purchase Behavior in Pakistan: A Multi-Group Analysis Between Infected and Non-infected

The mental health of China and Pakistan, mental health laws and COVID-19 mental health policies: a comparative review

Meaningfulness protects from and crisis of meaning exacerbates general mental distress longitudinally

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