Correlates for posttraumatic stress disorder in Gulf War veterans: a retrospective study of main and moderating effects

Stein, Amanda L.; Tran, Giao Q.; Lund, Linda M.; Haji, Uzair; Dashevsky, Boris A.; Baker, Dewleen G.

doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2004.09.006

Cited by 60 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…One could argue that the absence of a significant interaction points to the resiliency displayed by many service members with a history of CPA; those with both CPA and combat exposure in the present study did not experience any more mental health difficulties than those exposed only to combat. However, our data also failed to support the supposition that a history of childhood maltreatment might impart a protective or inoculating effect through mechanisms such as improved coping skills (Stein et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

“…For example, Fontana and Rosenheck (1994) found CPA and combat exposure to be largely independent predictors of PTSD in 1,198 male Vietnam veterans, whereas combat trauma was the strongest predictor in the etiology of PTSD. Still other data suggest that previous childhood trauma may actually reduce the impact that subsequent combat trauma has on psychological symptoms (Stein et al, 2005).…”

Section: Impact Of Multiple Traumas: Childhood and Combat Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of childhood abuse and combat‐related trauma on postdeployment adjustment

Fritch

Mishkind²,

Reger³

et al. 2010

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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This retrospective study examined the effects of childhood physical abuse (CPA) and combat-related trauma on postdeployment psychiatric symptoms in an outpatient clinical sample of 1,045 U.S. service members. The authors conducted hierarchical multiple regression analyses to examine the impact of CPA and combat-related trauma on alcohol use, anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Analyses revealed significant main effects for CPA and combat-related trauma on anxiety, depression, and PTSD. In contrast, no interactive effects were observed. Findings support and expand current knowledge about the roles that CPA and combat trauma play in the development of psychiatric symptoms and suggest a more complex etiology for postdeployment symptomatology. Clinical implications and future research opportunities are discussed.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

Section: Impact Of Multiple Traumas: Childhood and Combat Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of childhood abuse and combat‐related trauma on postdeployment adjustment

Fritch

Mishkind²,

Reger³

et al. 2010

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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show abstract

“…Stein et al (2005), found that lifetime trauma, combat exposure, and avoidant coping were strongly related to PTSD symptoms. On a sample of 250 firefighters from Kentucky, significant effects were found for ineffective coping skills ("Avoidance Coping") and general self-efficacy on the levels of PTSD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from examining the effects of the perception of the intensity of stress, stressful life events, and negative effects on the beginning, duration or intensity of the disease, several studies have established the relationship between coping styles and the development of mental disease in general (Folkman et al, 1986;Lazarus and Folkman, 1984;Hudek-Knežević et al, 2005;Stein et al, 2005;Howell, 2006). Personality dimensions could be risk or protective factors in PTSD development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

War Veterans' Quality of Life: The Impact of Lifetime Traumatic Experiences, Psychological and Physical Health-Related Characteristics

Antičević¹,

Kardum²,

Britvić³

2011

Drustvena istrazivanja

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cross-sectional differences in self-reported psychological symptoms, life-time exposure to traumatic events, coping styles, personality traits and overall quality of life between the PTSD and non-PTSD Croatian War veterans. A total of 113 subjects within the three groups participated in the study (veterans with PTSD, non-PTSD veterans and controls). Veterans with PTSD assessed both combat experiences and exposure to other life-time traumatic events as extremely stressful, much more so than veterans without PTSD or control subjects. Scores among the non-PTSD veterans were similar to the control subjects, except on the M-PTSD scale, scale of psychosomatic symptoms and coping by avoidance. Intensity of PTSD, extraversion and active coping were individually significant in explaining the total QoL (p<0.01). This study showed that veterans with PTSD became extremely vulnerable to lifetime stress events.

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“…Since then, the issue of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and comorbid conditions among the veterans of that war has continued to feature prominently in the medical scientific literature, even in recent times [Ang et al, 2006;Engel et al, 2006;Gifford et al, 2006;Murphy et al, 2006;Stein et al, 2006]. The most controversial issue in these recent reports is the so-called ''Gulf War syndrome,'' in which veterans from the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and other western nations are thought to still be experiencing chronic idiopathic symptoms .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder among Kuwaiti military men according to level of involvement in the first Gulf War

Al-Turkait¹,

Ohaeri²

2008

Depress. Anxiety

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First, to compare the prevalence and intensity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Kuwaiti military men, divided into four groups (50 subjects each) according to degree of exposure to war trauma: (1) the retired (retired before the invasion); (2) an active-in-the-army group (AIA) (involved in duties at the rear only); (3) an in-battle (IB) group (involved in combat); and (4) prisoners of war (POWs-captured during combat). Second, to compare the severity of impact of event, comorbid depression, and anxiety among the groups. Third, to evaluate the contribution of self-esteem and locus of control (LOC). Subjects were interviewed once, 6 years after the war, using: the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; the Impact of Event Scale (IES); the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25; the Internal-External LOC; and The Self-Esteem Scale. Subjects were aged 24-71 years (mean 37.9). Sixty-three subjects (31.5%) fulfilled criteria for PTSD, with the rate significantly higher among the POWs (48%) than the retired (24%) and IB (22%), reflecting the severity of IES. Avoidance symptoms were the most pronounced. Self-esteem was significantly lowest among the POWs and those with PTSD. External LOC was associated with PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Self-esteem was the only covariate of PTSD scores. LOC was a significant covariate for anxiety. The characteristics of PTSD in these veterans showed similarity with those from elsewhere. The prominence of self-esteem and avoidance symptoms implies that they should be part of focus for interventions. Focus on LOC should be from the perspective of anxiety.

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Correlates for posttraumatic stress disorder in Gulf War veterans: a retrospective study of main and moderating effects

Cited by 60 publications

References 33 publications

The impact of childhood abuse and combat‐related trauma on postdeployment adjustment

The impact of childhood abuse and combat‐related trauma on postdeployment adjustment

War Veterans' Quality of Life: The Impact of Lifetime Traumatic Experiences, Psychological and Physical Health-Related Characteristics

Prevalence and correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder among Kuwaiti military men according to level of involvement in the first Gulf War

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