Correlates and Disparities of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy

Callaghan, Timothy; Moghtaderi, Ali; Lueck, Jennifer A.; Hotez, Peter J.; Strych, Ulrich; Dor, Avi; Fowler, Erika Franklin; Motta, Matthew

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3667971

Cited by 133 publications

(171 citation statements)

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“…Another April 2020 study of 991 American adults found that 57.6% of participants intended to be vaccinated, 31.6% were not sure, and 10.8% did not intend to be vaccinated [ 16 ]. A May 2020 study of more than 5000 American adults found that almost a third (31.1%) of participants did not intend on getting a COVID-19 vaccine [ 17 ]. These differences could be in part due to the timing of studies and data collection and the way questions were asked across studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Callaghan and colleagues reported in their study that African-Americans were more hesitant on COVID-19 vaccines due to concerns about safety and efficacy, they lack needed financial resources or health insurance, or they already had COVID-19. [ 17 ]. Unfortunately, racial/ethnic minorities also have the worst outcomes associated with COVID-19 infection [ 17 , 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 17 ]. Unfortunately, racial/ethnic minorities also have the worst outcomes associated with COVID-19 infection [ 17 , 20 ]. Culturally competent strategies for public health practice and research have shown promise in improving health outcomes and engagement in preventive behaviors of minorities and should be considered when planning the deployment of COVID-19 vaccines [ 17 , 19 – 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individuals living in rural areas, those with lower household incomes, and lower levels of education were more likely to be hesitant about getting immunized with a COVID-19 vaccine. Studies by Callaghan et al and Fisher et al also reported that individuals with lower income and education and those who lived in rural America were less likely to pursue COVID-19 vaccination [ 16 , 17 ]. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in rural, lower-income, low education groups can be explained by preexisting vaccine hesitancy in these groups, lower awareness and health literacy, lower trust and interaction with healthcare professionals, and cost-based concerns [ 17 , 19 – 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies by Callaghan et al and Fisher et al also reported that individuals with lower income and education and those who lived in rural America were less likely to pursue COVID-19 vaccination [ 16 , 17 ]. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in rural, lower-income, low education groups can be explained by preexisting vaccine hesitancy in these groups, lower awareness and health literacy, lower trust and interaction with healthcare professionals, and cost-based concerns [ 17 , 19 – 22 ]. A unique finding of this study that could also relate to income and education is vaccine hesitancy based on employment status with the unemployed (AOR = 0.63) having the lowest odds for vaccine hesitancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in the United States: A Rapid National Assessment

et al. 2021

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in the United States: A Rapid National Assessment

et al. 2021

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Racial/Ethnic Differences in COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Health Care Workers in 2 Large Academic Hospitals

et al. 2021

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IMPORTANCE Significant differences in hesitancy to receive COVID-19 vaccination by race/ethnicity have been observed in several settings. Racial/ethnic differences in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among health care workers (HCWs), who face occupational and community exposure to COVID-19, have not been well described. OBJECTIVE To assess hesitancy to COVID-19 vaccination among HCWs across different racial/ethnic groups and assess factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This survey study was conducted among HCWs from 2 large academic hospitals (ie, a children's hospital and an adult hospital) over a 3-week period in November and December 2020. Eligible participants were HCWs with and without direct patient contact. A 3-step hierarchical multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between race/ethnicity and vaccine hesitancy controlling for demographic characteristics, employment characteristics, COVID-19 exposure risk, and being up to date with routine vaccinations. Data were analyzed from February through March 2021. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESVaccine hesitancy, defined as not planning on, being unsure about, or planning to delay vaccination, served as the outcome. RESULTS Among 34 865 HCWs eligible for this study, 12 034 individuals (34.5%) completed the survey and 10 871 individuals (32.2%) completed the survey and reported their race/ethnicity. Among 10 866 of these HCWs with data on sex, 8362 individuals (76.9%) were women, and among 10 833 HCWs with age data, 5923 individuals (54.5%) were younger than age 40 years. (Percentages for demographic and clinical characteristics are among the number of respondents for each type of question.) There were 8388 White individuals (77.2%), 882 Black individuals (8.1%), 845 Asian individuals (7.8%), and 449 individuals with other or mixed race/ethnicity (4.1%), and there were 307 Hispanic or Latino individuals (2.8%). Vaccine hesitancy was highest among Black HCWs (732 individuals [83.0%]) and Hispanic or Latino HCWs (195 individuals [63.5%]) (P < .001). Among 5440 HCWs with vaccine hesitancy, reasons given for hesitancy included concerns about side effects (4737 individuals [87.1%]), newness of the vaccine (4306 individuals [79.2%]), and lack of vaccine knowledge (4091 individuals [75.2%]). The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for vaccine hesitancy was 4.98

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COVID‐19 vaccine controversy: A cross‐sectional analysis of factors associated with COVID‐19 vaccine acceptance amongst emergency department patients in New York City

et al. 2022

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Objective Understanding variables associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine confidence and hesitancy may inform strategies to improve vaccine uptake in clinical settings such as the emergency department (ED). We aim to identify factors contributing to COVID‐19 vaccine acceptance and to assess patient attitudes surrounding offering COVID‐19 vaccines in the ED. Methods We conducted a survey of a convenience sample of patients and patient visitors over the age 18 years, who were native English or Spanish speakers. The survey was conducted from March through August 2021 at 3 EDs in New York City. The survey was administered via an electronic format, and participants provided verbal consent. Results Our sample size was 377. Individuals with post‐graduate degrees viewed vaccines positively (Prevalence Ratio [PR], 1.63; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.07–2.47). Of the various high‐risk medical conditions associated with adverse COVID‐19 infection outcomes, diabetes was the only condition associated with more positive views of vaccines (PR, 1.37; CI, 1.17–1.59). Of all participants, 71.21% stated that they believed offering a COVID‐19 vaccine in the ED was a good idea. Of unvaccinated participants, 21.80% stated they would get vaccinated if it were offered to them in the ED. Conclusion EDs can serve as a safety net for vulnerable populations and can act as an access point for vaccination.

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Correlates and Disparities of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy

Cited by 133 publications

References 0 publications

COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in the United States: A Rapid National Assessment

COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in the United States: A Rapid National Assessment

Racial/Ethnic Differences in COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Health Care Workers in 2 Large Academic Hospitals

COVID‐19 vaccine controversy: A cross‐sectional analysis of factors associated with COVID‐19 vaccine acceptance amongst emergency department patients in New York City

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