COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in the United States: A Rapid National Assessment

Khubchandani, Jagdish; Sharma, Sushil; Price, James H.; Wiblishauser, Michael; Sharma, Manoj; Webb, Fern J.

doi:10.1007/s10900-020-00958-x

Cited by 869 publications

(876 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Our findings regarding factors associated with delaying or refusing the COVID-19 vaccine are in agreement with previous studies that examined the population in the first semester of 2020. The factors we found to be associated with higher odds of delay and refusal and in agreement with previous findings were not taking the influenza vaccine in the previous season [ 5 , 11 , 14 ], low or nonexistent perceived risk of getting COVID-19 [ 5 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 15 , 17 ], and trust in the government [ 19 ]. We also found that younger individuals had higher odds of refusal and females had higher odds of delay.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Our findings showed a considerable level of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Portugal, higher than that found in previous studies [ 5 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 15 , 17 ]. The proportion of individuals who would refuse to take the vaccine was similar to the prevalence reported by other studies, which has mainly ranged between 4% and 14.2% [ 5 , 7 , 11 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 19 ], although one study in the USA reported that 31% of the participants were unwilling to take the COVID-19 vaccine [ 12 ] while another reported that 20% of the participants were unwilling to take the COVID-19 vaccine due to the collateral effects and 14% because they do not need the vaccine [ 14 ]. However, we also found that 56% of the participants would wait some time or a long time to take the COVID-19 vaccine.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

“…Wang et al [ 5 ] found that 43.7% of individuals would delay vaccination until vaccine safety and efficacy were proven, and Mercadante et al [ 14 ] found that 42% of individuals would wait a few months before taking the vaccine. Other studies have explored the uncertainty regarding intention to take the COVID-19 vaccine, which ranged between 12% and 42% [ 5 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. However, these studies examined uncertainty and not hesitancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies explored COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and their determinants using surveys between March and December 2020. These were conducted in China [ 5 ], Indonesia [ 6 ], Italy [ 7 ], Ireland [ 8 ], Japan [ 9 ], United Kingdom [ 10 ], and the United States [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. In addition, multicountry surveys have been undertaken in 7 European countries [ 17 ], 18 Arab countries [ 18 ], and 19 countries worldwide [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several of these studies indicated that older individuals and those with higher income and education levels were more likely to accept a vaccine [ 11 , 12 , 14 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Other factors associated with more willingness to be vaccinated included higher trust in government decisions [ 19 ], having been vaccinated against the flu in the previous year [ 5 , 12 , 14 ], perceiving COVID-19 as a threat to self [ 6 , 9 , 12 , 15 ] and the community [ 9 , 12 , 13 ], having health insurance [ 12 ], knowing people who were infected by COVID-19 [ 12 , 14 ], and being a health professional [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy

et al. 2021

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It is critical to develop tailored strategies to increase acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine and decrease hesitancy. Hence, this study aims to assess and identify factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Portugal. We used data from a community-based survey, “COVID-19 Barometer: Social Opinion”, which includes data regarding intention to take COVID-19 vaccines, health status, and risk perception in Portugal from September 2020 to January 2021. We used multinomial regression to identify factors associated with intention to delay or refuse to take COVID-19 vaccines. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Portugal was high: 56% would wait and 9% refuse. Several factors were associated with both refusal and delay: being younger, loss of income during the pandemic, no intention of taking the flu vaccine, low confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine and the health service response during the pandemic, worse perception of government measures, perception of the information provided as inconsistent and contradictory, and answering the questionnaire before the release of information regarding the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. It is crucial to build confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine as its perceived safety and efficacy were strongly associated with intention to take the vaccine. Governments and health authorities should improve communication and increase trust.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy

et al. 2021

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Association of Race/Ethnicity With Likeliness of COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Among Health Workers and the General Population in the San Francisco Bay Area

et al. 2021

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Black and Latinx Community Perspectives on COVID-19 Mitigation Behaviors, Testing, and Vaccines

et al. 2021

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IMPORTANCE Black and Latinx communities have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, yet little work has sought to understand their perspectives.OBJECTIVE To explore the experiences of Black and Latinx communities during the pandemic to better understand their perspectives on COVID-19 mitigation behaviors (eg, mask wearing), testing, and vaccines. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSIn this community-engaged qualitative study conducted with 18 community-based organizations and 4 health care organizations between November 19, 2020, and February 5, 2021, in New Jersey counties severely affected by the pandemic, group and individual interviews were used to purposively sample 111 Black and Latinx individuals. A total of 13 group interviews were organized by race/ethnicity and language: 4 English-speaking groups with Black participants (n = 34), 3 Spanish-speaking groups with Latinx participants (n = 24), and 4 English-speaking groups with Black and Latinx participants (n = 36). To understand the views of health care workers from these communities, 2 additional groups (n = 9) were convened and supplemented with individual interviews. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Description of Black and Latinx participants' experiencesduring the COVID-19 pandemic and their perspectives on mitigation behaviors, testing, and vaccines. RESULTSThe study included 111 participants (87 women [78.4%]; median age, 43 years [range, 18-93 years]). Participants described the devastating effects of the pandemic on themselves, loved ones, and their community. Their experiences were marked by fear, illness, loss, and separation. These experiences motivated intense information seeking, mitigation behaviors, and testing. Nevertheless, vaccine skepticism was high across all groups. Participants did not trust the vaccine development process and wanted clearer information. Black participants expressed that they did not want to be subjects of experiments. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEThe remaining unknowns about new vaccines need to be acknowledged and described for Black and Latinx communities to make informed decisions.Ultimately, scientists and public officials need to work transparently to address unanswered questions and work collaboratively with trusted community leaders and health professionals to foster partnered approaches, rather than focusing on marketing campaigns, to eliminate vaccine skepticism.

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COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in the United States: A Rapid National Assessment

Cited by 869 publications

References 21 publications

Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy

Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy

Association of Race/Ethnicity With Likeliness of COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Among Health Workers and the General Population in the San Francisco Bay Area

Black and Latinx Community Perspectives on COVID-19 Mitigation Behaviors, Testing, and Vaccines

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