Correlated response in placental efficiency in swine selected for an index of components of litter size1,2

Mesa, Henry; Safranski, Timothy J.; Johnson, R. K.; Lamberson, W. R.

doi:10.2527/2003.81174x

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The pre-correction was based on litter weights from 450 litters born at Funbo-Lövsta research station between 1994 and 2000. The placenta and amniotic fluid weight was assumed to be 0.3 kg/piglet (Mesa et al, 2003). The average sow weight loss during farrowing for an 11-piglet litter was 19.3 kg.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal behaviour and performance in first-parity outdoor sows

Wallenbeck

Rydhmer

Thodberg³

2008

Livestock Science

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Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal behaviour and performance in first-parity outdoor sows

Wallenbeck

Rydhmer

Thodberg³

2008

Livestock Science

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“…Developmental sensitivity and adaptive response of placental efficiency ''Placental efficiency'' is defined as the amount of fetal mass supported by a unit of placental mass, reflected by the ratio of fetal weight to placental weight (Wilson et al, 1999;Wilson and Ford, 2001;Mesa et al, 2003;Dwyer et al, 2005). In commercially produced swine, selection for high placental efficiency (i.e., relatively small placentas) in some breeds of pigs leads to large litters of small infants, in turn leading to ''optimization'' of litter size (Wilson et al, 1999;Mesa et al, 2003). In sheep, twins have both lower body weights and lower placental weights per twin compared to singletons, but as litter size in increases, the ratio of fetal weight to placental weight increases (Dwyer et al, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental efficiency and intrauterine resource allocation strategies in the common marmoset pregnancy

Rutherford

Tardif²

2008

American J Phys Anthropol

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Mothers and fetuses are expected to be in some degree of conflict over the allocation of maternal resources to fetal growth in the intrauterine environment. Variation in placental structure and function may be one way a fetus can communicate need and quality to its mother, potentially manipulating maternal investment in its favor. Whereas common marmosets typically produce twin litters, they regularly give birth to triplet litters in captivity. The addition of another fetus is a potential drain on maternal resource availability and thus a source of elevated conflict over resource allocation. Marmoset littermates share a single placental mass, so that differences in the ratio of fetal to placental weight across litter categories suggest the presence of differential intrauterine strategies of resource allocation. The fetal/placental weight ratio was calculated for 26 marmoset pregnancies, representing both twin and triplet litters, to test the hypothesis that triplet fetuses respond to intrauterine conflict by soliciting placental overgrowth as a means of accessing maternal resources. In fact, relative to fetal mass, the triplet marmoset placenta is significantly undergrown, with individual triplets associated with less placental mass than their twin counterparts, suggesting that the triplet placenta is relatively more efficient in its support of fetal growth. There still may be an important role for maternal-fetal conflict in the programming of placental structure and function. Placental adaptations that solicit potential increases of maternal investment may occur at the microscopic or metabolic level, and thus may not be reflected in the size of the placenta as a whole.

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“…For example, larger litter size at birth has been proved to be associated with a high incidence of lower body weight gain [1]; litter weight at age of about 20 days can reflect the general lactating capacity of sow before weaning and it has been used as an index of sow’s capacity to provide nutrition in evaluating effects of various dietary components on lactating sows [2]. The association between sows’ lactation and their offspring’s aggression has been proved [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 20-day litter weight on weaned piglets’ fighting behavior after group mixing and on heart rate variability in an isolation test

Sun

Lian

et al. 2016

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 20-day litter weight on behavior and heart rate variability (HRV) of piglets under stress.MethodsForty four original litters were categorized as high litter weight (HW) litters (n = 22) and low litter weight (LW) litters (n = 22) by 20-day litter weight. From each original HW litter, three males and three females were randomly selected after weaning and the 12 piglets from two original litters with similar age of days were regrouped into one new high litter weight (NHW) litter (11 NHW litters in total). The original LW litters were treated with a same program, so that there were 11 new low litter weight (NLW) litters as well. The latencies to first fighting, fighting frequencies and duration within three hours were recorded after regrouping and the lesions on body surface within 48 hours were scored. Besides, HR (heart rate, bpm, beats per minute) and activity count (ACT), time domain indexes and frequency domain indexes of the piglets were measured in an isolation trial to analyze the discrepancy in coping with stress between the original HW and LW litters.ResultsThe results exhibited that piglets from the HW litters launched fighting sooner and got statistically higher skin lesion score than those from the LW litters (p = 0.03 and 0.02, respectively). Regarding the HRV detection, compared with the HW litters, the LW litters exhibited a lower mean HR (p<0.05). In the isolation test, a highly significant higher ACT value was observed between the HW litters, compared to the LW litters (p<0.01). Significant differences were observed in standard deviation of R-R intervals, standard deviation of all normal to normal intervals, and most frequency-domain indicators: very low-frequency, low-frequency, and high frequency between the HW and LW litters as well. The difference in LF:HF was not significant (p = 0.779).ConclusionThis study suggests that compared with litters of low 20-day litter weights, litters with higher 20-day litter weight take more positive strategies to cope with stress and have stronger HRV regulation capacity; HW litters demonstrate better anti-stress and adaptation capacity in the case of regrouping and isolation.

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Correlated response in placental efficiency in swine selected for an index of components of litter size1,2

Cited by 25 publications

References 28 publications

Maternal behaviour and performance in first-parity outdoor sows

Maternal behaviour and performance in first-parity outdoor sows

Placental efficiency and intrauterine resource allocation strategies in the common marmoset pregnancy

Effects of 20-day litter weight on weaned piglets’ fighting behavior after group mixing and on heart rate variability in an isolation test

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