Correction: Unravelling the Structural and Molecular Basis Responsible for the Anti-Biofilm Activity of Zosteric Acid

Bioremoval of graffiti using novel commercial strains of bacteria

“…Nutrient Broth (NB; 3.0 g/l beef extract, 5.0 g/l peptone, Sigma Aldrich, USA), Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB; 17 g/l casein peptone, 2.5 g/l K2HPO4, 2.5 g/l glucose, 5.0 g/l NaCl, 3.0 g/l soya peptone, Sigma Aldrich, USA) and R2B (0.5 g/l casein acid hydrolysate, 0.5 g/l dextrose, 0.3 g/l K2HPO4, 0.024 g/l MgSO4, 0.5 g/l proteose peptone, 0.3 g/l sodium pyruvate, 0.5 g/l soluble starch, 0.5 g/l yeast extract) were used as rich media; 10% TSB (i.e., TSB at 1/10 strength) and Complete Mineral (CM; 10.5 g/l K2HPO4, 1.13 g/l KH2PO4, 1.0 g/l (NH4)2SO4, 0.5 g/l Na3C6H5O7× 2H2O, 0.25 g/l MgSO4 × 7H2O, 0.015 g/l CaCl × 2H2O) plus 0.5 g/l glucose (CM-glu) were used as low nutrient media; CM was used as a mineral medium. Planktonic assays were carried out in 96-well microtiter plates according to Cattò et al (2015). Briefly, bacteria of a washed overnight culture were added to each medium to a final concentration of 10 6 cells/ml and incubated at 30 °C.…”