Correction to “Quantitative sampling using an Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer: 2. Measurements of fine particulate chemical composition in two U.K. cities,”

Sources and Secondary Production of Organic Aerosols in the Northeastern United States during WINTER

“…Overview of main NR‐PM 1 species fractions and concentrations near the surface during WINTER (≤BLH, 0.5 km) and during ground‐based studies at several other Northern Hemisphere locations. Averages during WINTER are summarized under “Northeast, US, 2015, Winter.” Fractional compositions are also measured with an AMS, from several urban sites: New York City (NYC; Drewnick et al, ; Weimer et al, ), Manchester, UK (Allan, Alfarra, et al, ; Allan, Jimenez, et al, ), Shanghai, China (Huang et al, ), and Tokyo, Japan (Takegawa et al, ); from an urban downwind site 80 km east of NYC (Zhou et al, ); and one rural/remote site in Melpitz, Germany (Poulain et al, ), are also shown. The averages of all sites are shown in the gray‐shaded box.…”

“…However, the large majority of intensive field studies at northern midlatitudes have been conducted in warmer and more photochemically active times of the year, especially those targeting detailed organic aerosol (OA) composition, sources, and evolution. Several studies that have looked at seasonal variations of aerosol composition around the world have shown distinct differences between summer and winter (Allan, Alfarra, et al, ; Hu et al, ; Huang et al, ; Poulain et al, ; Takegawa et al, ; Weimer et al, ). Midlatitude winter has significantly lower temperatures, reduced solar radiation, and often more precipitation, all of which can significantly alter the processes that govern the production, processing, and lifetimes of aerosols.…”

“…In addition, dry deposition velocities of semivolatile species have been shown to be significantly different for some species in winter (Jaeglé et al, ). Although in the last few decades there have been a number of wintertime studies of aerosols in Asia (e.g., Cao et al, ; Kim et al, ; Rengarajan et al, , ; Takegawa et al, ; Xu et al, ; Zhang et al, ) and Europe (e.g., Allan, Alfarra, et al, ; Bardouki et al, ; Castro et al, ; Crippa et al, ; Lanz et al, ; Louvaris et al, ; Viana et al, ), very few have been conducted in North America (e.g., Budisulistiorini et al, ; Öztürk et al, ; Song et al, ; Strader et al, ; Tan et al, ; Weimer et al, ; Xu et al, ). However, most of the North American studies were conducted at least a decade ago, and none were conducted in the northeastern United States (NE‐US).…”

An empirical weight-at-age approach reduces estimation bias compared to modeling parametric growth in integrated, statistical stock assessment models when growth is time varying

“…The Larger particles are also generally associated with mineral dust, soil resuspension and sea spray with low organics content (Whitby and Cantrell, 1976). Another explanation could be underestimation of oxygen content in OS and/or ON compounds by AMS, as their fragments like NO + ,NO2 + ,SO + ,SO2 + are typically treated as inorganics by standard AMS fragmentation table (Allan, 2003;Farmer et al, 2010). As mentioned the earlier significant presence of OS compounds detected in residual OM, so this may have led to O/C underestimation.…”