Correction: Immune Response to Dengue Virus Infection in Pediatric Patients in New Delhi, India—Association of Viremia, Inflammatory Mediators and Monocytes with Disease Severity

NS1 Antigenemia and Viraemia Load: Potential Markers of Progression to Dengue Fatal Outcome?

“…In a pediatric cohort in India, severe dengue was observed in primary and secondary infections; however, no association between viral load and disease severity was reported, despite a correlation with prolonged thrombocytopenia and delayed recovery [ 49 ]. This is in agreement with previous observations that showed no differences in viral RNA levels in children with DHF and classic dengue fever in the past [ 50 ].…”

Dengue virus–elicited tryptase induces endothelial permeability and shock

“…These cytokines could be derived from infected cells that contain replicating virus or other immune cells that respond to infection, such as T cells and mast cells (MCs) (4,5). TNF, for example, has been shown to promote vascular leakage and death due to dengue in an immunocompromised mouse model (6); however, in human patients, there have been less clear associations between specific vasoactive cytokines and vascular leakage during infection and even conflicting associations in various studies (2,(7)(8)(9). If cytokine storm is involved, it is also unclear why symptoms of dengue differ from other conditions that involve cytokine storm (2).…”

Chymase Level Is a Predictive Biomarker of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Pediatric and Adult Patients

“…DHF and DSS are extremely difficult to predict, and there is an urgent need to identify risk factors and biomarkers of severe dengue. Although some studies associated high serum viral titers with DHF and DSS [ 9 , 10 ], others have reported conflicting information [ 11–13 ]. Multiple factors could explain these discrepancies, including faster clearance of viremia during secondary infection [ 14 , 15 ].…”