Correction: Factors Associated with Visceral Leishmaniasis in the Americas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Belo, Viní­cius Silva; Werneck, Guilherme Loureiro; Barbosa, David Soeiro; Simões, Taynãna César; Nascimento, Bruno Warlley Leandro; Silva, Eduardo Sérgio da; Struchiner, Cláudio J.

doi:10.1371/annotation/83856044-8747-4d93-9a1e-64f16bb60c07

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The results did not show an association of family income and head education with the disease incidence in the city of Uruguaiana. Our results diverge from other studies on risk factors associated with Leishmania infection; these studies have shown that increases in income and level of schooling are associated with a decreased likelihood of infection and hence disease incidence (BORGES et al, 2008;BELO et al, 2013). Thus, since a vector adapts to the environment and this area is classified as an endemic area, the entire population is at risk of exposure regardless of socioeconomic characteristics.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Risk factors associated to canine visceral leishmaniasis in Uruguaiana city, Brazil

Escobar

Döwich

Zuravski

et al. 2018

SCA

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The present study aimed to evaluate factors associated with canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in areas with higher seroprevalence of it in Uruguaiana city, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, during the year of 2012. A semi-structured questionnaire with socioeconomic and environmental questions was applied in Leishmania endemic regions of the city. The survey data were analyzed by multivariate statistics and the associations between them were presented as odds ratio within a 95% confidence limit. The relationships between the studied variables showed no statistically significant difference between the dwellings with positive and negative dogs. However, when analyzing the odds ratio, the presence of green areas larger than 10m² turned the house into an area of potential risk for CVL (OR= 2.53). There was no difference among the socioeconomic variables education and income, though the groups with lower education and income showed a higher seroprevalence of CVL. The city of Uruguaiana is already located within the CVL broadcasting area and is taken as an endemic region of the disease, with seropositive dogs in all neighborhoods. Thus, the determinants for an increased Leishmania sp. infection could not be indicated, even so, the maintenance of green areas around the households represented a risk factor for being a potential vector shelter. Key words: Neglected disease. Epidemiology. Environment. Socioeconomic factors. ResumoO objetivo da presente pesquisa foi avaliar potenciais fatores de risco associados à ocorrência de leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) em áreas de maior prevalência no município de Uruguaiana/RS, no ano de 2012. Foram aplicados questionários semiestruturados com questões socioeconômicas e ambientais em bairros endêmicos para LVC no município de Uruguaiana. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise multivariada e as associações entre as variáveis foram expressas em odds ratio com intervalos de confiança de 95%. As relações entre as variáveis estudadas não apresentaram diferença estatística significativa quando se comparou residências com cães positivos àquelas com cães negativos. Entretanto, a presença de área verde maior que 10m² apresentou-se como um potencial fator de risco (OR= 2,53) para LVC. Não houve diferença significativa entre as variáveis socioeconômicas, escolaridade e renda embora, nos grupos de menor escolaridade e de menor renda familiar, tenha havido

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Risk factors associated to canine visceral leishmaniasis in Uruguaiana city, Brazil

Escobar

Döwich

Zuravski

et al. 2018

SCA

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“…Between and 2007, the health districts of São Luís with the highest number of human cases also had canine cases (Barbosa, 2011). Belo et al (2013) also associated the increase in the prevalence of CVL with the previous occurrence of VL in humans. A more detailed analysis of the overlapping of human and canine cases could help in the development of more efficient and targeted prophylactic measures for each district.…”

Section: Intense Transmission Of Visceral Leishmaniasismentioning

confidence: 89%

“…There is a lively debate in the literature about the importance of these variables in the progression of infection and disease in dogs (Belo et al, 2013;Figueiredo et al, 2014;Julião et al, 2007;Miranda et al, 2008;Toscano et al, 2013). Some studies indicate that sex may represent a risk factor for this infection, and that males are more susceptible to the disease (Dantas-Torres et al, 2006;Julião et al, 2007;Miranda et al, 2008).…”

Section: Canine Survey For Cvl Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Intense transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in a region of northeastern Brazil: a situation analysis after the discontinuance of a zoonosis control program

Nogueira

Lira

Santos

et al. 2021

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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In São Luís, Maranhão, northeastern Brazil, the notification of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases intensified in 1982, showing endemic and epidemic patterns. In this city, the Center for Zoonoses Control (CZC) was an organization in charge of the control and prevention of the disease. However, technical and political reasons have led to a significant decline in the periodicity of its activities. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the epidemiological scenario of human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) and the prevalence of the disease in dogs after the cessation of the CZC activities, covering the period of 2007 to 2016. The seroprevalence of canine leishmaniasis was determined based on clinical and serological profiles. HVL cases were notified using data provided by the Municipal Health Department of São Luís. A seropositivity rate of 45.8% (p = 0.0001) was found among dogs, 54% (p = 0.374) of which were asymptomatic. As for human cases, there were 415 notifications, with an increase in the incidence of the zoonosis observed during the aforementioned period. Thus, it can be inferred that after the control and surveillance activities were curtailed, there was an increase in the number of seropositive animals in circulation, acting as reservoirs of infection for dogs and humans.

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“…In the New World, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by Leishmania infantum (syn. L. chagasi) (Belo et al, 2013). Leishmaniasis has spread rapidly in Brazilian territory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of polymerase chain reaction for the detection of equine Leishmania sp. infection

Escobar

Döwich

Cantele

et al. 2020

SCA

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Leishmaniasis is a neglected zoonotic disease caused by a variety of pathogenic Leishmania species. In the New World, especially in Brazil, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by Leishmania infantum. The pathogen can infect several animal species including dogs, foxes, rodents, primates, felines, equines and humans. Dogs act as the primary domestic reservoirs. This study aimed to use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detecting Leishmania infection in horses living in a canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) endemic region. DNA samples from horse peripheral blood were used to perform PCR. Templates were amplified using primers for the kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) minicircles, which were able to detect different species of Leishmania. In addition, primers for internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA were used for detection of Trypanosomatidae sp. Amongst the 75 (39%) positive PCR samples from total 192 samples, 21 samples were positive for kDNA and 63 samples were positive for either ITS, ITS1, or ITS2 gene markers. The kDNA PCR and sequencing allowed the detection of L. infantum in horse blood samples. To our knowledge, this is the first report of equine infection with L. infantum in Southern Brazil. These results proved that L. infantum could also infect horses in addition to humans and dogs, as well as in European countries. This conclusion emphasizes the urgent need to follow up investigation of the infection in these animals.

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Correction: Factors Associated with Visceral Leishmaniasis in the Americas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Risk factors associated to canine visceral leishmaniasis in Uruguaiana city, Brazil

Risk factors associated to canine visceral leishmaniasis in Uruguaiana city, Brazil

Intense transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in a region of northeastern Brazil: a situation analysis after the discontinuance of a zoonosis control program

Applications of polymerase chain reaction for the detection of equine Leishmania sp. infection

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