Correcting the Count: Improving Vital Statistics Data Regarding Deaths Related to Obesity

McCleskey, Brandi; Davis, Margaret; Dye, Daniel W.

doi:10.1111/1556-4029.13690

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As noted earlier, the only currently-available ICD coding options that specifically implicates obesity as the underlying cause of death are the E66-67 codes, which likely heavily undercount obesity-related deaths -as demonstrated in this analysis and suggested in earlier work (16,(27)(28)(29). Thus, it is inevitable that at least some proportion of the deaths in each scheme are not due to obesity, but instead a function other lifestyle and health factors, such as smoking (17).…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…It is an overly narrow definition of obesity-related deaths, which necessitates that obesity is listed as not only a cause of death on the death certificate, but as the underlying cause. Unfortunately, this strict criterion is potentially subject to the biases/assumptions of the person coding the cause of death (27,29), leading to the identification of less than a fifth of all deaths where obesity is implicated (24). For instance, a cross-national comparison of obesity-related mortality suggests that physicians' propensity for reporting obesity as an underlying cause on death certificates might vary due to their "sensitiv[ity] to abnormally high BMIs," in reference to national differences in the prevalence of obesity and thus expectations about the average BMI and body size (24).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The International Classification of Disease (ICD) lists obesity as an independent cause of death (ICD10: E65-E67), but researchers acknowledge that this coding is used too infrequently and underestimates the true mortality burden of obesity, as there are many other causes of death which are likely representative of obesity-related mortality, including hypertension and diabetes (27)(28)(29). Thus, studies using multiple cause of death data often include additional ICD codes in their obesity coding schemes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Coding of Obesity-related Mortality Impacts Estimates of Obesity on U.S. Life Expectancy

Tilstra

Aburto

Gutin³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundHigh levels of obesity remain an important population health problem in the U.S. and a possible contributor to stalling life expectancy. However, reliable estimates of the contribution of obesity to mortality in the U.S. are lacking, because of inconsistent coding of obesity-related causes of death.MethodsWe compare five International Classification of Diseases version 10 (ICD-10) coding schemes for obesity-related mortality used in the literature and examine how the magnitude of obesity-related mortality burdens varies across different schemes. We use U.S. multiple cause of death data and population estimates for the Black, white, and Latino population in the years 2010, 2015, and 2020. In sex- and race/ethnic-stratified analyses, we estimate the potential years of life expectancy gained if obesity-related mortality had not occurred as measured by each coding scheme.ResultsWe estimate that obesity-related mortality contributes to up to 78 months (6.5 years) of lost U.S. life expectancy, though estimates range from as low as 0 months, with a median contribution across ICD-10 coding schemes of about 20 months (1.7 years). Despite substantial variation across coding schemes, obesity-related mortality consistently contributes more to life expectancy deficits for Black Americans compared to white and Latino Americans. Across all ICD-10 coding schemes, the age pattern of obesity follows a J-shaped curve, suggesting exponential increases in obesity-related mortality after age 25.ConclusionsThe estimation of the burden of obesity-related mortality on life expectancy in the United States varies widely depending on the causes of death used in analyses. This inconsistency may obscure our understanding of the contribution of obesity-related mortality to trends in life expectancy. We propose a standardization of the coding of obesity-related mortality for future studies and outline which causes should be included.

show abstract

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Coding of Obesity-related Mortality Impacts Estimates of Obesity on U.S. Life Expectancy

Tilstra

Aburto

Gutin³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Statistics demonstrated that the consumption of simple carbohydrates, especially fructose and sucrose, is increasing worldwide (22). A diet rich in carbohydrates or fats, inactivity, and genetic background are the most critical factors in obesity and related diseases such as hyperlipidemia and diabetes (23). Obesity directly affects the incidence of cardiovascular disease as the leading cause of death worldwide (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Neuropeptide Y Receptor Gene Expression and ‎Hormone Level in Obese Male Rats Receiving 6-Gingerol and L-Arginine ‎Supplementation

2023

ARI

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obesity and its associated disorders, such as hyperlipidemia, have become a ‎global issue ‎following the consumption of unhealthy, high-fat, and high-‎carbohydrate foods, which ‎burdens the economies and the ‎health systems of human societies ‎worldwide‎.‎‏‎‏ ‏This study aimed to evaluate ‎the effect of oral consumption of 6-gingerol and L-arginine ‎supplements on ‎serum lipid profile (triglyceride, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and ‎low-density lipoprotein), obesity factors, insulin, corticosterone and testosterone hormones, ‎and ‎expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene in high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) ‎induced ‎obese rats. Thirty rats in five groups were fed a diet specific to each ‎group for 12 weeks ‎and then treated with the oral administration of L-arginine ‎‎(200 mg/day) and 6-gingerol (100 ‎mg/day) for twelve weeks. The food and water ‎intake and weight change were then measured‎. In addition, plasma glucose, ‎triglyceride, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein ‎‎(HDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)‎, low-density ‎lipoprotein (LDL), and serum ‎hormone levels, including corticosterone, testosterone, and insulin, were measured, and NPY, ‎Y1, and Y5 receptor gene expression were recorded using real-time PCR. Administration of ‎‎6-gingerol and L-arginine decreased food intake, ‎weight ‎gain‎, glucose levels, insulin levels, ‎and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index compared to ‎the ‎HCD control group. In addition, corticosterone and testosterone levels in the ‎study groups ‎showed a significant decrease (P

show abstract

“…A review of the mortality databases of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) for the region of the Americas [17] found that the use of the E66 code for certifying obesity as the underlying cause of death increased from 4,050 in 1999 to 12,087 in 2015, with the USA accounting for 64.4% and 61.1% of these deaths, respectively. The underreporting of obesity as a cause or contributing factor to death can lead to underestimations in regard to the effect of obesity on mortality [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

US Obesity Mortality Trends and Associated Noncommunicable Diseases Contributing Conditions Among White, Black, and Hispanic Individuals by Age from 1999 to 2017

Cosío

Díaz-Apodaca

Baker³

et al. 2021

SN Compr. Clin. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aims to assess the effect of obesity as an underlying cause of death in association with four main noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) as contributing causes of mortality on the age of death in White, Black, and Hispanic individuals in the USA. To estimate mortality hazard ratios, we ran a Cox regression on the US National Center for Health Statistics mortality integrated datasets from 1999 to 2017, which included almost 48 million cases. The variable in the model was the age of death in years as a proxy for time to death. The cause-of-death variable allowed for the derivation of predictor variables of obesity and the four main NCDs. The overall highest obesity mortality HR when associated with NCD contributing conditions for the year 1999–2017 was diabetes (2.15; 95% CI: 2.11–2.18), while Whites had the highest HR (2.46; 95% CI: 2.41–2.51) when compared with Black (1.32; 95% CI: 1.27–1.38) and Hispanics (1.25; 95% CI: 1.18–1.33). Hispanics had lower mortality HR for CVD (1.21; 95% CI: 1.15–1.27) and diabetes (1.25; 95% CI: 1.18–1.33) of the three studied groups. The obesity death mean was 57.3 years for all groups. People who die from obesity are, on average, 15.4 years younger than those without obesity. Although Hispanics in the USA have a higher prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), they also have the lowest mortality HR for obesity as an underlying cause of death when associated with CVD and cancer. While there is no obvious solution for obesity and its complications, continued efforts to address obesity are needed.

show abstract

Correcting the Count: Improving Vital Statistics Data Regarding Deaths Related to Obesity

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Coding of Obesity-related Mortality Impacts Estimates of Obesity on U.S. Life Expectancy

Coding of Obesity-related Mortality Impacts Estimates of Obesity on U.S. Life Expectancy

Regulation of Neuropeptide Y Receptor Gene Expression and ‎Hormone Level in Obese Male Rats Receiving 6-Gingerol and L-Arginine ‎Supplementation

US Obesity Mortality Trends and Associated Noncommunicable Diseases Contributing Conditions Among White, Black, and Hispanic Individuals by Age from 1999 to 2017

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About