US Obesity Mortality Trends and Associated Noncommunicable Diseases Contributing Conditions Among White, Black, and Hispanic Individuals by Age from 1999 to 2017

Abstract

This study aims to assess the effect of obesity as an underlying cause of death in association with four main noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) as contributing causes of mortality on the age of death in White, Black, and Hispanic individuals in the USA. To estimate mortality hazard ratios, we ran a Cox regression on the US National Center for Health Statistics mortality integrated datasets from 1999 to 2017, which included almost 48 million cases. The variable in the model was the age of death in years as a proxy for time to death. The cause-of-death variable allowed for the derivation of predictor variables of obesity and the four main NCDs. The overall highest obesity mortality HR when associated with NCD contributing conditions for the year 1999–2017 was diabetes (2.15; 95% CI: 2.11–2.18), while Whites had the highest HR (2.46; 95% CI: 2.41–2.51) when compared with Black (1.32; 95% CI: 1.27–1.38) and Hispanics (1.25; 95% CI: 1.18–1.33). Hispanics had lower mortality HR for CVD (1.21; 95% CI: 1.15–1.27) and diabetes (1.25; 95% CI: 1.18–1.33) of the three studied groups. The obesity death mean was 57.3 years for all groups. People who die from obesity are, on average, 15.4 years younger than those without obesity. Although Hispanics in the USA have a higher prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), they also have the lowest mortality HR for obesity as an underlying cause of death when associated with CVD and cancer. While there is no obvious solution for obesity and its complications, continued efforts to address obesity are needed.

Support Provided by Caregivers for Community-Dwelling Obesity Individuals: Focus on Elderly and Hispanics

“…The average age of death was 57.3 years of age for individuals with obesity in all groups and those who died were 15.4 years younger than those who did not have obesity [20]. Although Hispanics in the U.S. have a higher frequency of diabetes and CVD, they also have the smallest mortality hazard ratio for obesity as an underlying cause of death when associated with CVD and cancer [19].…”

“…Current studies measure the outcome of obesity as a fundamental reason of death as compared to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the U.S. as a causative root of mortality among Caucasian, Black, and Hispanic individuals. Diabetes caused a higher mortality rate for individuals with obesity than NCD-related conditions during the years 1999 to 2017 with Caucasians having the highest rate when matched with Black and Hispanic individuals [19]. Hispanics had lower mortality rates for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes.…”

The effect of an increased body mass index and obesity on the thickness of epicardial adipose tissue in men who underwent STEMI

“…В рамках эпидемиологического исследования ЭССЕ-РФ 2 были отмечены значимые ассоциации ишемической болезни сердца (ИБС) с ожирением, особенно с абдоминальным ожирением, не имеющие гендерных особенностей [2,3]. Люди, имеющие ожирение как основную причину смерти, в среднем на 15,4 года моложе людей без ожирения [4]. Индекс массы тела (ИМТ) считается золотым стандартом для диагностики ожирения, но он не является достоверным показателем телосложения, так как не может показать региональное распределение жировой ткани в организме.…”

High Compliance with the Lifestyle-Modification Program “Change 10 Habits” Is Effective for Obesity Management

“…2,3 In a study in the United States, it was reported that obesity can shorten the lifespan of patients by about 15.4 years compared to that of normal-weight individuals. 5 Therefore, weight-management programs are recommended to reduce the risk of both morbidity and mortality. The U.S. National Institutes of Health reported that a constant multidimensional weight-control program that includes diet, exercise, and behavioral therapy is effective.…”