Corpus callosum and brain volume in women and men

Steinmetz, Helmuth; Staiger, Jochen F.; Schlaug, Gottfried; Huang, Yanxiong; Jäncke, Lutz

doi:10.1097/00001756-199505090-00013

Cited by 102 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Consistent with this hypothesis, it has been revealed that females have a relatively larger isthmus segment of the callosum, perhaps reflecting a sex-specific difference in the inter-hemispheric connectivity (Steinmetz et al, 1992;Steinmetz et al, 1995). These issues maybe considered as explanation of improvement in balance of both dominant and non dominant legs in this study and either callosum that connects cerebral hemispheres or other related connections such as vermis that connects cerebellar hemispheres are involved in process of recovery of fall-prone elderly.…”

Section: Groupssupporting

confidence: 81%

The Effect of a Group Exercise Program on Muscular Function among Fall-Prone Elderly Women

et al. 2012

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SUMMARY:In a sampled population of fall-prone elderly women, an exercise protocol was performed for 12 weeks on experimental group and at the end of exercise period, the strength and endurance of muscles and SF-6 Health Surveys were analyzed. Results showed that endurance and strength of muscles and also physical activity were improved in experimental group (P<0.05). Group exercise program causes improvement in both strength and endurance of muscles in fall-prone elderly women. The effect of group exercise program on women may be related to differences in central nervous system of this gender in comparison with men.

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Section: Groupssupporting

confidence: 81%

The Effect of a Group Exercise Program on Muscular Function among Fall-Prone Elderly Women

et al. 2012

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“…The myelinated axons of WM facilitate distant signal conduction. Previous data from structural imaging showed a higher proportion of cortical WM in the males, except in the CC (40,41). A higher proportion of myelinated fibers within hemispheres in males compared with an equal or larger volume of WM in the callosum suggests that male brains are optimized for communicating within the hemispheres, whereas female brains are optimized for interhemispheric communication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Sex differences in the structural connectome of the human brain

Ingalhalikar

Smith

Parker

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

961

621

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Sex differences in human behavior show adaptive complementarity: Males have better motor and spatial abilities, whereas females have superior memory and social cognition skills. Studies also show sex differences in human brains but do not explain this complementarity. In this work, we modeled the structural connectome using diffusion tensor imaging in a sample of 949 youths (aged 8-22 y, 428 males and 521 females) and discovered unique sex differences in brain connectivity during the course of development. Connection-wise statistical analysis, as well as analysis of regional and global network measures, presented a comprehensive description of network characteristics. In all supratentorial regions, males had greater within-hemispheric connectivity, as well as enhanced modularity and transitivity, whereas between-hemispheric connectivity and cross-module participation predominated in females. However, this effect was reversed in the cerebellar connections. Analysis of these changes developmentally demonstrated differences in trajectory between males and females mainly in adolescence and in adulthood. Overall, the results suggest that male brains are structured to facilitate connectivity between perception and coordinated action, whereas female brains are designed to facilitate communication between analytical and intuitive processing modes. diffusion imaging | gender differences S ex differences are of enduring scientific and societal interest because of their prominence in the behavior of humans and nonhuman species (1). Behavioral differences may stem from complementary roles in procreation and social structure; examples include enhanced motor and spatial skills and greater proclivity for physical aggression in males and enhanced verbally mediated memory and social cognition in females (2, 3). With the advent of neuroimaging, multiple studies have found sex differences in the brain (4) that could underlie the behavioral differences. Males have larger crania, proportionate to their larger body size, and a higher percentage of white matter (WM), which contains myelinated axonal fibers, and cerebrospinal fluid (5), whereas women demonstrate a higher percentage of gray matter after correcting for intracranial volume effect (6). Sex differences in the relative size and shape of specific brain structures have also been reported (7), including the hippocampus, amygdala (8, 9), and corpus callosum (CC) (10). Furthermore, developmental differences in tissue growth suggest that there is an anatomical sex difference during maturation (11,12), although links to observed behavioral differences have not been established.Recent studies have used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to characterize WM architecture and underlying fiber tracts by exploiting the anisotropic water diffusion in WM (13-15). Examination of DTI-based scalar measures (16) of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) has demonstrated diverse outcomes that include increased FA and decreased MD in males in major WM regions (17-19), higher CC-specific...

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“…Previous research revealed that the isthmus of the corpus callosum is larger in females than in males [23,24]. The larger isthmus might allow females to communicate more efficiently between the two hemispheres.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Sex-dependent neurofunctional predictors of long-term maintenance of visual word learning

Dong

Mei

Xue

et al. 2008

Neuroscience Letters

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A previous study has revealed sex-dependent neurofunctional predictors of visual word learning [C. Chen, G. Xue, Q. Dong, Z. Jin, T. Li, F. Xue, L. Zhao, Y. Guo, Sex determines the neurofunctional predictors of visual word learning, Neuropsychologia 45 (2007) 741-747]. The present study aimed to extend that study to investigate sex-dependent neurofunctional predictors of long-term maintenance. Twenty-three Chinese college students trained in the previous study were followed up twice: immediately (T1) and 6 months after the training (T2). At both T1 and T2, subjects were tested with the simultaneously presented same-different judgment task. Compared with the T1 performance, subjects (both males and females) showed a small but significant amount of forgetting (i.e., longer reaction times) at T2. Consistent with our hypothesis, males' performance at both T1 and T2 was predicted by the pre-training left-lateralized fusiform activation, whereas females' performance was predicted by symmetrical bilateral fusiform activation.

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Corpus callosum and brain volume in women and men

Cited by 102 publications

References 10 publications

The Effect of a Group Exercise Program on Muscular Function among Fall-Prone Elderly Women

The Effect of a Group Exercise Program on Muscular Function among Fall-Prone Elderly Women

Sex differences in the structural connectome of the human brain

Sex-dependent neurofunctional predictors of long-term maintenance of visual word learning

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