Coronavirus new variants: the mutations cause and the effect on the treatment and vaccination

Abstract

Background: The world has watched with growing alarm as scientists in the U.K. Identified a new coronavirus variant that appears to be more contagious than, and genetically distinct from, other established variants. The scientists keep collecting the facts about the new variant and its impact on symptom, severity, mortality, and vaccine efficacy.
 Objective: This review shed light on the SARS-CoV-2 2020 virus that appeared in Britain and South Africa in December 2020, known as B.1.1.7. Furthermore, it highlights the main differences between the new COVID-19 version (B.1.1.7) and the other strains of the virus.
 Conclusion: Mutations are still happening in the SARS-CoV-2 virus as the RNA viruses cause many changes in the proteins of the spikes of the virus and other parts. The British variant has 23 mutations, compared with the version that erupted in Wuhan, that renders the virus more contagious; however, these mutations do not change the disease's severity.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) update: From metabolic reprogramming to immunometabolism

“…76 Simultaneously, a significant number of the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) and damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) compounds are set to release to boost the innate immunity, elicit inflammatory processes, and secrete considerable amounts of inflammatory mediators, chemokines, free radicals, and proteases, resulting in ARDS, sepsis, and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS) pathological outcomes of COVID-19-induced pneumonia represent those shown in SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections. 31,32,80,81 Following the first critical phase, the inflammatory reaction progressively resolves, the injured organ steadily recovers, and some of the injured organs progress to the fibrosis and chronic stages, including chronic critical disease, immunosuppression, catabolic syndrome, and chronic inflammation. 76 SARS-CoV-2 adheres to the outside of the epithelial barrier of the oral cavity, the mucosal surfaces of the conjunctiva, or the optic canal after viral transmission.…”

SARS-CoV-2 triggering autoimmune diseases

“…After incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2003 and 2012, respectively, the newest of β-CoVs appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan city, China, was named SARS-CoV-2 (1) . SARS-CoV-2 has been identified as the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), defined as an acute inflammatory infectious disease [2] , [3] , [4] . Over 80 million cases of Covid-19 have been confirmed universally, at a ∼2.2% case fatality rate that mostly happens in the 15-20% of the severe cases of the disease with bilateral interstitial pneumonia (5) .…”

“…Over 80 million cases of Covid-19 have been confirmed universally, at a ∼2.2% case fatality rate that mostly happens in the 15-20% of the severe cases of the disease with bilateral interstitial pneumonia (5) . In these cases, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), characterized by the quick beginning of widespread inflammation in the lungs, is considered as the leading cause of mortality [4] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] .…”

Untitled

“…Immunization is a mandate from Health Law No. 36/2009 that every child has the right to get basic immunization in accordance with the provisions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Immunization is one of the programs being used as an indicator of minimum service standards in the health sector.…”