Coronavirus and gastroenteritis in foals

Isolation of an equine coronavirus from adult horses with pyrogenic and enteric disease and its antigenic and genomic characterization in comparison with the NC99 strain

“…Coronavirus-like particles have been identified in the feces of diarrheic foals and horses (Bass and Sharpee, 1975;Durham et al, 1979;Huang et al, 1983;Mair et al, 1990); however, isolation and characterization of these agents were not reported until an ECoV (NC99 strain) was isolated from the feces of a diarrheic foal in North Carolina (Guy et al, 2000). Its complete genomic sequence and phylogenetic studies suggest that ECoV NC99 belongs to the cluster of Betacoronavirus-1 (formerly group 2a coronavirus) and is the most closely related to BCoV, HCoV-OC43, and PHEV (Zhang et al, 2007).…”

“…Betacoronavirus, the species Betacoronavirus-1 with human coronaviruses OC43 (HCoV-OC43), human enteric coronavirus, bovine coronavirus (BCoV), porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV), canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) (Erles et al, 2007), and bubaline coronavirus (BuCoV) (Decaro et al, 2010). Coronavirus-like agents have been previously identified by electron microscopy in the feces of foals and adult horses having enteric disease with fever (Bass and Sharpee, 1975;Huang et al, 1983). A coronavirus antigen detected by antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry in the feces and intestine of a foal suffering from neonatal enterocolitis have also been reported (Davis et al, 2000); however, isolation and characterization of the causative agent was not successfully performed.…”

Coronaviridae, pathogenetic and clinical aspects: An update

“…In the U.S.A. coronavirus-like particles were demonstrated in the feces of foals suffering from severe diarrhea [73]. Huang et al [74] isolated a coronavirus-like agent from horses suffering from acute equine diarrhea syndrome, called "Potomac fever".…”

Detection of viruses in avian faeces by direct electron microscopy

“…This has led to the discovery of a number of previously unrecognised viruses. Most of these are difficult to isolate using conventional cell culture techniques and they include rotaviruses (Mebus etal., 1969;Flewett etal., 1973;McNulty, 1978),enteric coronaviruses (Stair etal, 1972;Bass and Sharpee, 1975;Chasey and Cartwright, 1978;Pensaert and De Bouck, 1978;Tzipori et al, 1978), astro viruses (Madeley and Cosgrove, 1975;Snodgrass and Gray, 1977;Woode and Bridger, 1978), enteric caliciviruses (Madeley and Cosgrove, 1976;Woode and Bridger, 1978) and mini-reoviruses (Middleton et al, 1977). Surprisingly, this technique has apparently been ignored in avian virology.…”