Coronary risk factors and plasma sex hormones

Lindholm, Jörgen; Winkel, Per; Brodthagen, Uffe A.; Gyntelberg, Finn

doi:10.1016/0002-9343(82)90405-3

Cited by 101 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Significant correlations of the estradiol/testosterone ratio to LDL and total cholesterol were eliminated when the influence of body fat was suppressed. This supports the observation by Lindholm et al (14) that no significant relationships existed between sex hormone levels and lipid levels after adjustment for age and body weight.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Obese men have elevated estrogen levels (12), which have been attributed to an enlarged adipose tissue mass that is a site for conversion of androgens to estrogens (13). Lindholm et al (14) have suggested that the association between coronary heart disease and hyperestrogenemia might be mediated by obesity, since after adjustment for the correlation between estradiol levels and body weight no relationships were observed between sex hormone levels and cardiovascular disease risk factors. In contrast, other investigators (15) have reported that estrone but not estradiol levels were elevated in patients who survived myocardial infarction, compared with controls, and concluded that the abnormal hormone levels were not related to obesity in view of the fact that neither the patients nor the control were > 20% above desirable weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Body composition, not body weight, is related to cardiovascular disease risk factors and sex hormone levels in men.

Segal¹,

Dunaif²,

Gutin³

et al. 1987

J. Clin. Invest.

137

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To clarify the independent relationships of obesity and overweight to cardiovascular disease risk factors and sex steroid levels, three age-matched groups of men were studied: (i) 8 normal weight men, < 15% body fat, by hydrostatic weighing; (il) 16 overweight, obese men, > 25% body fat and 135-160% of ideal body weight (IBW); and (ill) 8 overweight, lean men, 135-160% IBW, but < 15% fat. Diastolic blood pressure was significantly greater for the obese (mean±SEM, 82±2 mmHg) than the normal (71±2) and overweight lean (72±2) groups, as were low density lipoprotein levels (131±9 vs. 98+11 and 98+14 mg/dl), the ratio of high density lipoprotein to total cholesterol (0.207±0.01 vs. 0.308±0.03 and 0.302±0.03), fasting plasma insulin (22±3 vs. 12±1 and 13±2 ;U/ml), and the estradiol/testosterone ratio (0.076±0.01 vs. 0.042+0.02 and 0.052±0.02); P < 0.05. Estradiol was 25% greater for the overweight lean group (40±5 pg/ml) than the obese (30±3 pg/ml) and normal groups (29±2 pg/ml), P = 0.08, whereas total testosterone was significantly lower in the obese (499±33 ng/dl) compared with the normal and overweight, lean groups (759±98 and 797±82 ng/dl). Estradiol was uncorrelated with risk factors and the estradiol/testosterone ratio appeared to be a function of the reduced testosterone levels in obesity, not independently correlated with lipid levels after adjustment for body fat content. Furthermore, no risk factors were significantly different between the normal and overweight lean groups. We conclude that (a) body composition, rather than body weight per se, is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk factors; and (b) sex steroid alterations are related to body composition and are not an independent cardiovascular disease risk factor.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body composition, not body weight, is related to cardiovascular disease risk factors and sex hormone levels in men.

Segal¹,

Dunaif²,

Gutin³

et al. 1987

J. Clin. Invest.

137

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…As expected the men with chronic illness also had lower TT, FT, and bioavailable testosterone levels than men who did not report a chronic illness. Smokers had higher TT, FT, and bioavailable testosterone levels, consistent with some previous reports (48,49) but not with others (50,51). Some of the inconsistencies across studies of androgens and smoking may be attributed to differences in the population (healthy versus not), and some studies adjusted for confounding factors, while others did not.…”

Section: B a Mohr And Others European Journal Of Endocrinology (2006)supporting

confidence: 83%

The effect of changes in adiposity on testosterone levels in older men: longitudinal results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study

Mohr¹,

Bhasin²,

Link³

et al. 2006

eur j endocrinol

146

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Objective: Changes in adiposity affecting total testosterone (TT) and free testosterone (FT) levels have not been examined in a population-based survey. We aimed to determine whether changes in adiposity predict follow-up levels and rates of change in TT, FT and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in men. Design: The Massachusetts Male Aging Study is a randomly sampled, population-based cohort interviewed at baseline (T 1 , 1987-1989; nZ1709; aged 40-70 years) and followed-up approximately 9 years later (T 2 , 1995-1997; nZ1156). Men were categorized as overweight (body mass index (BMI)R25 kg/m 2 ) or having obesity (BMIR30 kg/m 2 ), waist obesity (waist circumferenceR102 cm), or waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) obesity (WHRO0.95). For each adiposity group, we constructed four categories to represent changes between T 1 and T 2 : overweight (or obese, etc.) at neither wave, T 1 only, T 2 only, or both waves. Results: After adjustment for confounding variables, men who were overweight at T 2 only, or at both waves, had significantly lower mean T 2 TT and SHBG levels than men in the neither group (P!0.05). Mean FT did not differ between any overweight group and the neither group. Men who were obese at both times, had the highest mean BMI, the highest fraction of severely obese men, and significantly greater rate of decline in FT than the neither group. Conclusions: In men who become overweight, the greater rate of decline in TT, but not FT, is related mostly to a lesser age-related increase in SHBG. Since weight gain is highly prevalent in older men, over-reliance on TT levels in the diagnosis of androgen deficiency could result in substantial misclassification. 155 443-452 European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…It is possible that, as is suggested with the protective association observed in endometrial cancer (26), smoking might modulate sex hormone levels, which, because of the evidence linking these hormones with testicular cancer (2), would in turn affect one's risk. As an example, higher testosterone (27)(28)(29) or androstenedione (29, 30) levels-protective prenatally but perhaps later serving as a carcinoma in situ furthering second hit (2)-have been found in smokers relative to nonsmokers, although others have reported no differences (31)(32)(33)(34)(35). Elevated levels of gonadotropins, including lutenizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, may also be important: those with Kallmann's syndrome, for example, who have insufficient gonadotropin secretion almost never develop testicular cancer (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%