Coronary heart disease: The significance of coronary pathology in infancy and the role of mitogens such as vitamin D

Davies, Hywel

doi:10.1016/0306-9877(89)90059-5

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Standard vitamin D supplementation for babies fell out of favour after outbreaks of infantile hypercalcaemia due to over-zealous use of supplemented baby foods (Misselwitz et al 1990), as it did for adults when excessive intake of fish oils was found to carry atherogenic risks and to increase circulating cholesterol (Davies, 1989;Moon et al 1992). Supplementation in the UK is now limited to margarine, some yoghurt, breakfast cereals and, uncommonly, milk, although increased intake of fish is widely recommended as beneficial for the heart by doctors, nutritionists and the media.…”

Section: Who May Be At Risk?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inadequate vitamin D status: does it contribute to the disorders comprising syndrome ‘X’?

Boucher

1998

Br J Nutr

192

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Environmental factors are important in the aetiology of glucose intolerance, type I1 diabetes and IHD. The lack of vitamin D, which is necessary for adequate insulin secretion, relates demographically to increased risk of myocardial infarction. These disorders are connected, degenerative vascular disease increasing with glucose intolerance and diabetes and, with its risk factors, comprising syndrome 'X'. Evidence is presented suggesting that vitamin D deficiency may be an avoidable risk factor for syndrome 'X', adding another preventative measure to current recommendations which are aimed at reducing the worldwide epidemic of these disorders. Experimentally, vitamin D deficiency progressively reduces insulin secretion; glucose intolerance follows and becomes irreversible. Relationships between vitamin D status, glucose tolerance and 30 min insulin secretion during oral glucose tolerance tests are reported in British Asians; insulin secretion, but not glycaemia, improving with short-term supplementation. Studies showing reduction in blood pressure and in risk of heart attack and diabetes with exercise (usually outdoor), rarely consider the role of vitamin D status. Glycaemia and insulin secretion in elderly European men, however, relate to vitamin D status, independent of season or physical activity. Prolonged supplementation can improve glycaemia. Hypertension improves with vitamin D treatment with or without initial deficiency. Vitamin D status and climate are reviewed as risk factors for myocardial infarction; the risk reducing with altitude despite increasing cold. Glycaemia and fibrinogenaemia improve and insulin secretion increases in summer. Variation in vitamin D requirements could arise from genetic differences in vitamin D processing since bone density can vary with vitamin D-receptor genotype. Vitamin D receptors are present in islet cells and we report insulin secretion in healthy Asians differing profoundly with the Apa I genotype, being independent of vitamin D status. Those at risk of vitamin D deficiency include the elderly, those living indoors or having a covered-up style of dress, especially dark-skinned immigrants, and pregnant women, and these are groups recognized as being at increased risk of diabetes.Whilst it is well known that adequate supplies of vitamin D are vital for the development and integrity of bones, it is not generally appreciated that insulin production by the pancreatic p cell is also dependent on vitamin D, although there is a considerable literature in this field. It

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Section: Who May Be At Risk?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inadequate vitamin D status: does it contribute to the disorders comprising syndrome ‘X’?

Boucher

1998

Br J Nutr

192

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“…endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes has been claimed to determine the deprivation of mitogen activity and a demodulation of cell differentiation, eventually leading to atherosclerosis progression. 41 Conversely, excessive transportation or concentration of vitamin D3 in arteries might result in wall calcification, loss of collagen and disruption of elastic lamellae playing a role in the pathogenesis of aneurysm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox proteomic analysis of serum from aortic anerurysm patients: insights on oxidation of specific protein target

et al. 2016

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“…5 Further, given the cross-talk with other steroid hormone receptors, vitamin D-hormones in excess may have physiological effects similar to those of glucocorticoids, estrogen, or even those of anabolic steroids. 63 Nonetheless, in general, it is difficult to categorize any one of the numerous effects of vitamin D as necessarily beneficial or toxic, given the dependence on location as well as physiological and pathological contexts. For instance, osteoblastogenesis may be beneficial in osteoporosis but hazardous in calcific vasculopathy and valvulopathy.…”

Section: Vitamin D-hormone Toxicity and Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steroid Hormone Vitamin D

Demer

Hsu²,

Tintut

2018

Circulation Research

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Understanding of vitamin D physiology is important because about half of the population is being diagnosed with deficiency and treated with supplements. Clinical guidelines were developed based on observational studies showing an association between low serum levels and increased cardiovascular risk. However, new randomized controlled trials have failed to confirm any cardiovascular benefit from supplementation in the general population. A major concern is that excess vitamin D is known to cause calcific vasculopathy and valvulopathy in animal models. For decades, administration of vitamin D has been used in rodents as a reliable experimental model of vascular calcification. Technically, vitamin D is a misnomer. It is not a true vitamin because it can be synthesized endogenously through ultraviolet exposure of the skin. It is a steroid hormone that comes in 3 forms that are sequential metabolites produced by hydroxylases. As a fat-soluble hormone, the vitamin D-hormone metabolites must have special mechanisms for delivery in the aqueous bloodstream. Importantly, endogenously synthesized forms are carried by a binding protein, whereas dietary forms are carried within lipoprotein particles. This may result in distinct biodistributions for sunlight-derived versus supplement-derived vitamin D hormones. Because the cardiovascular effects of vitamin D hormones are not straightforward, both toxic and beneficial effects may result from current recommendations.

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Coronary heart disease: The significance of coronary pathology in infancy and the role of mitogens such as vitamin D

Cited by 13 publications

References 39 publications

Inadequate vitamin D status: does it contribute to the disorders comprising syndrome ‘X’?

Inadequate vitamin D status: does it contribute to the disorders comprising syndrome ‘X’?

Redox proteomic analysis of serum from aortic anerurysm patients: insights on oxidation of specific protein target

Steroid Hormone Vitamin D

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