Steroid Hormone Vitamin D

Demer, Linda L.; Hsu, Jeffrey J.; Tintut, Yin

doi:10.1161/circresaha.118.311585

Cited by 72 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…Classically, vitamin D deficiency was related to bone diseases. Currently, because of VDR is found is many tissues, such as immune and cardiovascular cells, vitamin D deficiency has also been related to infection, cancer, and respiratory and cardiovascular diseases [53,55,56]. In fact, vitamin D deficiency has been associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality [57,58].…”

Section: Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Nutrition on Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

et al. 2020

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Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by sustained vasoconstriction, vascular remodeling, inflammation, and in situ thrombosis. Although there have been important advances in the knowledge of the pathophysiology of PAH, it remains a debilitating, limiting, and rapidly progressive disease. Vitamin D and iron deficiency are worldwide health problems of pandemic proportions. Notably, these nutritional alterations are largely more prevalent in PAH patients than in the general population and there are several pieces of evidence suggesting that they may trigger or aggravate disease progression. There are also several case reports associating scurvy, due to severe vitamin C deficiency, with PAH. Flavonoids such as quercetin, isoflavonoids such as genistein, and other dietary polyphenols including resveratrol slow the progression of the disease in animal models of PAH. Finally, the role of the gut microbiota and its interplay with the diet, host immune system, and energy metabolism is emerging in multiple cardiovascular diseases. The alteration of the gut microbiota has also been reported in animal models of PAH. It is thus possible that in the near future interventions targeting the nutritional status and the gut dysbiosis will improve the outcome of these patients.

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Section: Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Nutrition on Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

et al. 2020

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“…The LDL particles that deposit in the subendothelial space carry inactive vitamin D. The vitamin D activating enzyme (1-alpha-hydroxylase) is produced by smooth muscle cells. Thus, LDL accumulation in atherosclerotic plaque may lead to vitamin-D induced induction of alkaline phosphatase, which promotes calcification and raises questions on the potential cardiovascular effects of vitamin D supplementation ( 123 ). Vitamin D has even been used to generate rodent models of vascular calcification ( 124 ).…”

Section: Matrix Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipoproteins in Cardiovascular Calcification: Potential Targets and Challenges

Tintut

Hsu

Demer

2018

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Previously considered a degenerative process, cardiovascular calcification is now established as an active process that is regulated in several ways by lipids, phospholipids, and lipoproteins. These compounds serve many of the same functions in vascular and valvular calcification as they do in skeletal bone calcification. Hyperlipidemia leads to accumulation of lipoproteins in the subendothelial space of cardiovascular tissues, which leads to formation of mildly oxidized phospholipids, which are known bioactive factors in vascular cell calcification. One lipoprotein of particular interest is Lp(a), which showed genome-wide significance for the presence of aortic valve calcification and stenosis. It carries an important enzyme, autotaxin, which produces lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), and thus has a key role in inflammation among other functions. Matrix vesicles, extruded from the plasma membrane of cells, are the sites of initiation of mineral formation. Phosphatidylserine, a phospholipid in the membranes of matrix vesicles, is believed to complex with calcium and phosphate ions, creating a nidus for hydroxyapatite crystal formation in cardiovascular as well as in skeletal bone mineralization. This review focuses on the contributions of lipids, phospholipids, lipoproteins, and autotaxin in cardiovascular calcification, and discusses possible therapeutic targets.

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“…Vitamin D and its metabolites are demanding analytes to determine, because they are very lipophilic, at very low concentrations, and also have a high affinity for proteins that bind to vitamins [1]. There are several FDA-approved commercial 25(OH)D tests for routine clinical laboratory measuring of vitamin D status based on radioimmunoassay (RIA), enzyme immunoassay (EIA), chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA), and competitive protein-binding assay (CPBA) techniques [6].…”

Section: Methods Of Analysis Of Vitamin D In Biological Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vitamin D 2 and D 3 taken orally are absorbed from the intestines, and then transported by chylomicrons, which are further processed into lipoproteins. Endogenously produced D 3 is carried by D-binding protein (DBP) [1]. In the liver, the hydroxylation of both vitamin D 2 and D 3 leads to the formation of the biologically inactive prohormones 25(OH)D 2 and 25(OH)D 3 (calcifediol).…”

Section: Synthesis and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vitamin D involves six different steroid hormones with different activities: the inactive endogenous precursor-cholecalciferol (D 3 ), partially active calcidiol (25(OH)D 3 ), its active dihydroxy-form calcitriol (1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ), a plant-derived inactive form-ergocalciferol (D 2 ), and its metabolites, 25(OH)D 2 and 1,25(OH) 2 D 2 [1]. Calcitriol has a key role to play in calcium and phosphate homeostasis, cell proliferation and differentiation, and in the responses of the immune and nervous systems [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Significance of Analysis of Vitamin D Status in Various Diseases

et al. 2020

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Vitamin D plays a role not only in the proper functioning of the skeletal system and the calcium-phosphate equilibrium, but also in the immune system, the cardiovascular system and the growth and division of cells. Although numerous studies have reported on the analysis of vitamin D status in various groups of patients, the clinical significance of measurements of vitamin D forms and metabolites remains ambiguous. This article reviews the reports analyzing the status of vitamin D in various chronic states. Particular attention is given to factors affecting measurement of vitamin D forms and metabolites. Relevant papers published during recent years were identified by an extensive PubMed search using appropriate keywords. Measurement of vitamin D status proved to be a useful tool in diagnosis and progression of metabolic syndrome, neurological disorders and cancer. High performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry has become the preferred method for analyzing the various forms and metabolites of vitamin D in biological fluids. Factors influencing vitamin D concentration, including socio-demographic and biochemical factors as well as the genetic polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor, along with vitamin D transporters and enzymes participating in vitamin D metabolism should be considered as potential confounders of the interpretation of plasma total 25(OH)D concentrations.

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Steroid Hormone Vitamin D

Cited by 72 publications

References 145 publications

Impact of Nutrition on Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Impact of Nutrition on Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Lipoproteins in Cardiovascular Calcification: Potential Targets and Challenges

Clinical Significance of Analysis of Vitamin D Status in Various Diseases

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