Coronary Heart Disease Prediction From Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels, Triglycerides, Lipoprotein(a), Apolipoproteins A-I and B, and HDL Density Subfractions

Sharrett, A. Richey; Ballantyne, Christie M.; Coady, Sean; Heiss, Gerardo; Sorlie, Paul D.; Catellier, Diane J.; Patsch, Wolfgang

doi:10.1161/hc3501.095214

Cited by 847 publications

(541 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Although the observed changes in lipid levels were small, even these small changes may well have a clinically relevant effect on CV risk, since AS is a chronic inflammatory disease that persists over many years (26). However, beyond focusing solely on HDL-c levels, it seems important to investigate actual HDL composition and thereby its functional characteristics, to Figure 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of lipid profile is accompanied by atheroprotective alterations in high‐density lipoprotein composition upon tumor necrosis factor blockade: A prospective cohort study in ankylosing spondylitis

Eijk¹,

Vries²,

Levels³

et al. 2009

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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Objective. Cardiovascular mortality is increased in ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and inflammation plays an important role. Inflammation deteriorates the lipid profile and alters high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) composition, reflected by increased concentrations of serum amyloid A (SAA) within the particle. Anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) treatment may improve these parameters. We therefore undertook the present study to investigate the effects of etanercept on lipid profile and HDL composition in AS.Methods. In 92 AS patients, lipid levels and their association with the inflammation markers C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and SAA were evaluated serially during 3 months of etanercept treatment. HDL composition and its relationship to inflammation markers was determined in a subgroup of patients, using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight analysis.Results. With anti-TNF treatment, levels of all parameters of inflammation decreased significantly, whereas total cholesterol, HDL-c, and apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I) levels increased significantly. This resulted in a better total cholesterol:HDL-c ratio (from 3.9 to 3.7) (although the difference was not statistically significant), and an improved Apo B:Apo A-I ratio, which decreased by 7.5% over time (P ‫؍‬ 0.008). In general, increases in levels of all lipid parameters were associated with reductions in inflammatory activity. In addition, SAA was present at high levels within HDL particles from AS patients with increased CRP levels and disappeared during treatment, in parallel with declining plasma levels of SAA.Conclusion. Our results show for the first time that during anti-TNF therapy for AS, along with favorable changes in the lipid profile, HDL composition is actually altered whereby SAA disappears from the HDL particle, increasing its atheroprotective ability. These findings demonstrate the importance of understanding the role of functional characteristics of HDL-c in cardiovascular diseases related to chronic inflammatory conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of lipid profile is accompanied by atheroprotective alterations in high‐density lipoprotein composition upon tumor necrosis factor blockade: A prospective cohort study in ankylosing spondylitis

Eijk¹,

Vries²,

Levels³

et al. 2009

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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“…Details have been reported previously on procedures for blood collection and analysis for lipids24 and glucose 25. Briefly, participants fasted overnight for 12 hours before the examination.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Baseline and Temporal Changes in Cardiometabolic Risk Using Metabolic Syndrome Severity and Common Risk Scores

Gurka

Filipp

Pearson

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk equivalent, thereby linking assessment of cardiometabolic risk with that of CVD risk over time. Our goal was to determine how commonly used CVD risk scores and metabolic syndrome (MetS) severity performed in predicting T2DM with and without ultimate CVD.Methods and ResultsWe assessed data from 8273 participants of the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) Study, using the pooled cohort atherosclerotic CVD risk score, the Framingham Risk Score, and a MetS severity Z score to assess their association with future risk for CVD alone, T2DM alone, or both over 20 years of follow‐up. Baseline levels of all scores were significantly associated with isolated incident T2DM (odds ratios [ORs] for each 1‐SD increase: atherosclerotic CVD=1.7, Framingham risk score=1.7, MetS Z score=5.1). All 3 baseline scores were also significantly associated with isolated incident CVD (atherosclerotic CVD OR=2.4, Framingham risk score OR=2.3, MetS Z‐score OR=1.8), with the 2 CVD scores remaining significant independent of MetS severity. MetS severity was strongly associated with future T2DM leading to CVD (MetS Z‐score OR=7.0, atherosclerotic CVD OR=3.9, Framingham risk score OR=3.5). Furthermore, changes in MetS severity were independently associated with future T2DM‐CVD progression.Conclusions CVD risk scores are associated with risk for future isolated T2DM in addition to isolated CVD. However, MetS severity (both baseline and changes over time) was more strongly associated with T2DM, including T2DM ultimately leading to CVD. Following MetS severity within patients over time may identify those at greatest risk of combined cardiometabolic disease.

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“…The age-related accumulation of both TC and LDLcholesterol has been associated with the pathogenesis of several diseases (77)(78)(79) . In a meta-analysis of sixty-two studies, a 17·5 % reduction in relative risk for all-cause mortality for every 1 mM/l decrease in TC was reported, while each 1 mM/l decrease in LDL-cholesterol was associated with a 15·6 % relative risk reduction for all-cause mortality (4) .…”

Section: Cholesterol Metabolism and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…CHD has been associated with significantly elevated TC, LDL-cholesterol, TAG, apo B and Lp(a) and reduced HDL-cholesterol and apo A-I in both American males and females (79) . Gould et al (4) reported a 24·5 and 29·5 % reduction in relative risk for CHDrelated mortality and CHD event respectively for every 1 mM/l decline in TC.…”

Section: Cholesterol Metabolism and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating cholesterol metabolism and ageing using a systems biology approach

et al. 2016

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CVD accounted for 27 % of all deaths in the UK in 2014, and was responsible for 1·7 million hospital admissions in 2013/2014. This condition becomes increasingly prevalent with age, affecting 34·1 and 29·8 % of males and females over 75 years of age respectively in 2011. The dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism with age, often observed as a rise in LDL-cholesterol, has been associated with the pathogenesis of CVD. To compound this problem, it is estimated by 2050, 22 % of the world's population will be over 60 years of age, in culmination with a growing resistance and intolerance to pre-existing cholesterol regulating drugs such as statins. Therefore, it is apparent research into additional therapies for hypercholesterolaemia and CVD prevention is a growing necessity. However, it is also imperative to recognise this complex biological system cannot be studied using a reductionist approach; rather its biological uniqueness necessitates a more integrated methodology, such as that offered by systems biology. In this review, we firstly discuss cholesterol metabolism and how it is affected by diet and the ageing process. Next, we describe therapeutic strategies for hypercholesterolaemia, and finally how the systems biology paradigm can be utilised to investigate how ageing interacts with complex systems such as cholesterol metabolism. We conclude by emphasising the need for nutritionists to work in parallel with the systems biology community, to develop novel approaches to studying cholesterol metabolism and its interaction with ageing.

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Coronary Heart Disease Prediction From Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels, Triglycerides, Lipoprotein(a), Apolipoproteins A-I and B, and HDL Density Subfractions

Cited by 847 publications

References 34 publications

Improvement of lipid profile is accompanied by atheroprotective alterations in high‐density lipoprotein composition upon tumor necrosis factor blockade: A prospective cohort study in ankylosing spondylitis

Improvement of lipid profile is accompanied by atheroprotective alterations in high‐density lipoprotein composition upon tumor necrosis factor blockade: A prospective cohort study in ankylosing spondylitis

Assessing Baseline and Temporal Changes in Cardiometabolic Risk Using Metabolic Syndrome Severity and Common Risk Scores

Investigating cholesterol metabolism and ageing using a systems biology approach

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