Corona enhancement may emerge via sinusoidal drainage pathways

Visualization of blood drainage area from hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma on ultrasonographic images during hepatic arteriogram: Comparison with depiction of drainage area on contrast‐enhanced ultrasound

“…Especially, CT during hepatic arteriography (CTHA) and CT during arterial portography (CTAP) are two of the most accurate modalities for evaluating arterial and portal venous flow in hepatic nodules 1–3 . Moreover, single‐level dynamic CTHA studies, the protocol of continuous observation of a given slice on CTHA, have yielded outstanding data about drainage flow from hypervascular nodules 4–10 . In short, this flow can be visualized as a ring‐like enhanced area, known as corona enhancement, around the nodules in late‐phase single‐level dynamic CTHA studies.…”

“…[1][2][3] Moreover, single-level dynamic CTHA studies, the protocol of continuous observation of a given slice on CTHA, have yielded outstanding data about drainage flow from hypervascular nodules. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] In short, this flow can be visualized as a ring-like enhanced area, known as corona enhancement, around the nodules in late-phase singlelevel dynamic CTHA studies. It has been reported, based on knowledge of resected tumors and recurrence patterns, that local recurrence of HCC frequently occurs in the corona enhancement area.…”