Cornus macrophylla, the Antibacterial Activity of Organic Leaf Extracts and the Characterization of the More Lipophilic Components by GC/MS

Abstract

In the present study, the antibacterial activity of Cornus macrophylla was examined. Organic solvent extracts of leaves were prepared using methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. Antibacterial activity was examined by using a 100 mg/mL extract concentration. Penicillin was kept as a positive control while dimethyl sulfoxide was taken as a negative control. Methanolic extract exhibited a 21.5, 36.3, 25.3, and 23.7 mm inhibition zone diameter (IZD); n-hexane showed a 33, 40, 32.8, and 28.7 mm IZD; chloroform showed a 18.8, 29, 22.3, and 21.6 mm IZD; and ethyl acetate showed a 23.5, 30.2, 30, and 22.3 mm IZD against Erwinia carotovora, Pseudomonas syringae, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Xanthomonas axonopodis, respectively. The n-hexane extract revealed high antibacterial activity against all bacterial species as compared with methanolic, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extract. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of n-hexane extract depicted the presence of 55 compounds. Out of these compounds, one compound, identified as α-amyrin (Mol. wt = 426), exhibited the maximum peak area (32.64%), followed by A’-Neogammacer-22(29)-en-3-ol, acetate, (3.beta.,21.beta.)- (Mol. wt = 468) and β-amyrin (Mol. wt = 426) having peak areas of 25.97 and 6.77%, respectively. It was concluded that the antibacterial activity observed during the present investigation may be due to these compounds.

Use of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZJ316 as a starter culture for nitrite degradation, foodborne pathogens inhibition and microbial community modulation in pickled mustard fermentation

“…Alcohols (15), aldehydes (3), acids (4), esters (13), alkanes and their derivatives (3), olefins and their derivatives (1), benzene and its derivatives (8), sulfates (7), furans (2), and others were found in group 316 (57), which was split into 10 categories. There was no difference between groups of chemicals with peak area percentages more than 5% ( Akbar et al, 2020 ), which were all thiocyanates (allyl isothiocyanate, phenethyl isothiocyanate, and 3-butenyl isothiocyanate), and these volatiles dominated the majority of the samples. Isothiocyanates are breakdown products of the cruciferous vegetable secondary metabolite thioglucoside (GSL), and allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties ( Jeong et al, 2004 , Wagner et al, 2012 , Xiao et al, 2003 ).…”

Metabolites Profiling of Penicillium citrinum Recovered from Endophytic of Ramie (Boehmeria nivea) as a Potential Biocontrol Against Pathogenic Fungi

“…It is possible because of the influence of secondary metabolites in the ethyl acetate extract of Penicillium citrinum MEBP0017. The results of the GC-MS analysis show that there are various group of dominant compounds contained in the ethyl acetate extract of P. citrinum, namely esters, carboxylic acids, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, and alcohols which have various biological activities, such as antifungal (Brito et al 2022;Pinto et al 2017), antimicrobial (Abu-gharbia et al 2020Kim et al 2004;Lens et al 2016), antibacterial (Azman et al 2017;Akbar et al 2020;Fajrih et al 2022), antitumor (Forte et al 2013;Fouad et al 2018), anti-inflammatory (Saeed et al 2012), antioxidant (Abd El-Hady et al 2014Chernukha et al 2021;Fouad et al 2018;Pinto et al 2017;Ser et al 2015), anticancer (Ser et al 2015), and anti-biofilm (Nadar Rajivgandhi et al 2020). Among these compounds, several compounds have been reported to have antifungal activity.…”

Neocornuside A–D, Four Novel Iridoid Glycosides from Fruits of Cornus officinalis and Their Antidiabetic Activity

“…Cornus officinalis (Cornaceae), known as “Shanzhuyu” in Chinese, is a frequently used traditional Chinese medicine and widely distributed in eastern Asia, mainly in China, Korea, and Japan [ 1 ]. As a medicinal and food-homologous traditional Chinese medicine, previous phytochemical research demonstrated the occurrences of structurally diverse iridoids, flavonoids, lignans, tannins, terpenoids, and phenolic acids [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ], with a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antidiabetic, anti-Alzheimer’s disease, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-oxidative, and anti-bacterial activities [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”