Cornstarch fermentation by the colonic microbial community yields more butyrate than does cabbage fiber fermentation; cornstarch fermentation rates correlate negatively with methanogenesis

Weaver, Gary A.; Krause, Jean A.; Miller, T.; Wolin, M. J.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/55.1.70

Cited by 125 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Butyrate is the preferred energy source for the coloncytes and may have a direct protective effect on proliferating processes in the colonic mucosa (Roediger, 1980;Gum et al, 1987;Rowe & Bayless, 1992). It is also to be observed that fermentation of starch appears to produce more butyrate compared with dietary ®bre (Scheppach et al, 1988;Mathers and Dawson, 1991;Weaver et al, 1992;Silvester et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrograded high-amylose corn starch reduces cholic acid excretion from the small bowel in ileostomy subjects

Ekwall

Björck

et al. 1998

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To study the short-term effect of resistant starch (RS) from retrograded high-amylose corn starch (HACS) on the excretion of bile acids and nutrients from the small bowel in humans. Design: Seven healthy ileostomists were given a controlled, constant diet during three days. On days 2 and 3, 100 g/d of one of two test-productsÐdrum-dried ordinary corn starch and autoclaved retrograded HACS, providing 5 and 39 g RS/d, respectivelyÐwas given, in random order. Ileostomy ef¯uents were collected for 24 h per day and analysed for wet weight, dry weight, energy, bile acids and nutrients. Settings: In-patient study at the metabolic ward, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Go Èteborg. Results: Consumption of retrograded HACS caused (1) a 42% lower mean excretion of cholic acid (P 0.024); (2) a 42% lower mean wet weight concentration of bile acids (P`0.001); (3) a 70% increased excretion of dry weight (P 0.001); and (4) a 41% increased excretion of energy (P 0.036) compared with consumption of drum-dried ordinary corn starch. Conclusion: The reduced ileal excretion and concentration of cholic acid would be protective regarding colon cancer risk in addition to the increased fermentation substrate provided by RS and other energy-yielding components.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrograded high-amylose corn starch reduces cholic acid excretion from the small bowel in ileostomy subjects

Ekwall

Björck

et al. 1998

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…Cross-feeding of L-lactate is demonstrated in cocultures between a starch-degrading species, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and the newly identified lactate utilizers. It is suggested that this type of cross-feeding might contribute to the reported butyrogenic effect of certain dietary substrates, such as resistant starch in the human colon (13,33,40,50,56,58).…”

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confidence: 99%

Lactate-Utilizing Bacteria, Isolated from Human Feces, That Produce Butyrate as a Major Fermentation Product

Duncan¹,

Louis²,

Flint³

2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

914

793

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The microbial community of the human colon contains many bacteria that produce lactic acid, but lactate is normally detected only at low concentrations (<5 mM) in feces from healthy individuals. It is not clear, however, which bacteria are mainly responsible for lactate utilization in the human colon. Here, bacteria able to utilize lactate and produce butyrate were identified among isolates obtained from 10 ؊8 dilutions of fecal samples from five different subjects. Out of nine such strains identified, four were found to be related to Eubacterium hallii and two to Anaerostipes caccae, while the remaining three represent a new species within clostridial cluster XIVa based on their 16S rRNA sequences. Significant ability to utilize lactate was not detected in the butyrate-producing species Roseburia intestinalis, Eubacterium rectale, or Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Whereas E. hallii and A. caccae strains used both D-and L-lactate, the remaining strains used only the D form. Addition of glucose to batch cultures prevented lactate utilization until the glucose became exhausted. However, when two E. hallii strains and one A. caccae strain were grown in separate cocultures with a starchutilizing Bifidobacterium adolescentis isolate, with starch as the carbohydrate energy source, the L-lactate produced by B. adolescentis became undetectable and butyrate was formed. Such cross-feeding may help to explain the reported butyrogenic effect of certain dietary substrates, including resistant starch. The abundance of E. hallii in particular in the colonic ecosystem suggests that these bacteria play important roles in preventing lactate accumulation.

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“…The main products of microbial fermentation in the large intestine can vary significantly in their relative concentrations and production rates depending on diet and site of production (27,28), with typical ratios in feces being around 3:1:1 acetatepropionate-butyrate (6,7). Butyrate has a particularly important role as the preferred energy source for the colonic epithelium and a proposed role in providing protection against colon cancer and colitis (1,4,5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetate Utilization and Butyryl Coenzyme A (CoA):Acetate-CoA Transferase in Butyrate-Producing Bacteria from the Human Large Intestine

Duncan¹,

Barcenilla²,

Stewart³

et al. 2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

596

452

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Seven strains of Roseburia sp., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Coprococcus sp. from the human gut that produce high levels of butyric acid in vitro were studied with respect to key butyrate pathway enzymes and fermentation patterns. Strains of Roseburia sp. and F. prausnitzii possessed butyryl coenzyme A (CoA):acetateCoA transferase and acetate kinase activities, but butyrate kinase activity was not detectable either in growing or in stationary-phase cultures. Although unable to use acetate as a sole source of energy, these strains showed net utilization of acetate during growth on glucose. In contrast, Coprococcus sp. strain L2-50 is a net producer of acetate and possessed detectable butyrate kinase, acetate kinase, and butyryl-CoA:acetate-CoA transferase activities. These results demonstrate that different functionally distinct groups of butyrate-producing bacteria are present in the human large intestine.

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Cornstarch fermentation by the colonic microbial community yields more butyrate than does cabbage fiber fermentation; cornstarch fermentation rates correlate negatively with methanogenesis

Cited by 125 publications

References 33 publications

Retrograded high-amylose corn starch reduces cholic acid excretion from the small bowel in ileostomy subjects

Retrograded high-amylose corn starch reduces cholic acid excretion from the small bowel in ileostomy subjects

Lactate-Utilizing Bacteria, Isolated from Human Feces, That Produce Butyrate as a Major Fermentation Product

Acetate Utilization and Butyryl Coenzyme A (CoA):Acetate-CoA Transferase in Butyrate-Producing Bacteria from the Human Large Intestine

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