Corner's rules as a framework for plant morphology, architecture and functioning – issues and steps forward

Lauri, Pierre‐Éric

doi:10.1111/nph.15503

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Nonpollinator agents of selection can also affect flowers indirectly, by acting on other organs that affect floral traits (e.g. selection on leaf size can affect inflorescence size via Corner’s rules; Midgley & Bond, 1989; Lauri, 2019; individuals that have larger leaves typically have fewer axillary buds for inflorescence development; Trejo et al ., 2018; Ramos & Schiestl, 2019). The presence of multiple agents of selection, the diversity of ways by which nonpollinator agents can affect floral traits, and the ability of nonpollinator agents to either reinforce or oppose pollinator‐mediated selection together likely increase the range of floral trait variation both within and among species (Niklas, 1994; Galen, 1999; Strauss & Whittall, 2006).…”

Section: Flowers Are Multifunctional and Subject To Multiple Agents Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the flower economics spectrum

et al. 2020

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Understanding how floral traits affect reproduction is key for understanding genetic diversity, speciation, and trait evolution in the face of global changes and pollinator decline. However, there has not yet been a unified framework to characterize the major trade-offs and axes of floral trait variation. Here, we propose the development of a floral economics spectrum (FES) that incorporates the multiple pathways by which floral traits can be shaped by multiple agents of selection acting on multiple flower functions. For example, while pollinator-mediated selection has been considered the primary factor affecting flower evolution, selection by nonpollinator agents can reinforce or oppose pollinator selection, and, therefore, affect floral trait variation. In addition to pollinators, the FES should consider nonpollinator biotic agents and floral physiological costs, broadening the drivers of floral traits beyond pollinators. We discuss how coordinated evolution and trade-offs among floral traits and between floral and vegetative traits may influence the distribution of floral traits across biomes and lineages, thereby influencing organismal evolution and community assembly.

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Section: Flowers Are Multifunctional and Subject To Multiple Agents Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the flower economics spectrum

et al. 2020

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“…branching patterns) and function (e.g. hydraulics and biomechanics) across resource gradients (Lauri, 2019;Messier et al, 2017;Valladares et al, 2002). More recently, the 'world-wide fast-slow plant economic spectrum' and 'wood economic spectrum (WES)' have shown that the principles of LES and CR can be applied to other plant organs such as stems and roots (Chave et al, 2009;Reich, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We studied contrasts in morpho-physiological coordination in functional trait expression among eight P. fremontii populations spanning two ecotypes (SD and MR) and an approximate 12°C mean annual temperature gradient (Wang et al, 2012). We analysed four trait spectra including: foliage phenology (spring budburst and budset), trait variability across a leaf economic spectrum, including petiole traits (LES), trait variability across a wood and xylem economic spectrum (WES), and trait variability in above-ground architecture, including traits related to Corner's Rule (CR;Cornelissen, 1999;Corner, 1949;Lauri, 2019;Messier et al, 2017). Combined, these trait spectra represent coordinated strategies at multi-organ levels for coping with climate stress exposure from intense freezing events at higher latitudes and elevations to episodic heat waves at lower latitudes and elevations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive trait syndromes along multiple economic spectra define cold and warm adapted ecotypes in a widely distributed foundation tree species

et al. 2020

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1. The coordination of traits from individual organs to whole plants is under strong selection because of environmental constraints on resource acquisition and use. However, the tight coordination of traits may provide underlying mechanisms of how locally adapted plant populations can become maladapted because of climate change. 2. To better understand local adaptation in intraspecific trait coordination, we studied trait variability in the widely distributed foundation tree species, Populus fremontii using a common garden near the mid-elevational point of this species distribution. We examined 28 traits encompassing four spectra: phenology, leaf economic spectrum (LES), whole-tree architecture (Corner's Rule) and wood economic spectrum (WES). 3. Based on adaptive syndrome theory, we hypothesized that trait expression would be coordinated among and within trait spectra, reflecting local adaptation to either exposure to freeze-thaw conditions in genotypes sourced from highelevation populations or exposure to extreme thermal stress in genotypes sourced from low-elevation populations. 4. High-elevation genotypes expressed traits within the phenology and WES that limit frost exposure and tissue damage. Specifically, genotypes sourced from high elevations had later mean budburst, earlier mean budset, higher wood densities, higher bark fractions and smaller xylem vessels than their low-elevation counterparts. Conversely, genotypes sourced from low elevations expressed traits within the LES that prioritized hydraulic efficiency and canopy thermal regulation to cope with extreme heat exposure, including 40% smaller leaf areas, 67% higher stomatal densities and 34% higher mean theoretical maximum stomatal conductance. Lowelevation genotypes also expressed a lower stomatal control over leaf water potentials that subsequently dropped to pressures that could induce hydraulic failure.

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“…Furthermore, branch size and ramification may also be linked to reproductive characters: in species that bear flowers on terminal shoots, selection on inflorescence size and number is associated with leaf size via the allometric scaling of each of them with stem size (Bond & Midgley, 1988; Midgley & Bond, 1989). Corner’s rules has, therefore, provided a useful framework for studying plant architecture (Lauri, 2018). Subsequent theory sought to explain constancy in the relationship between leaf area and stem size with a hydraulic argument (Shinozaki et al, 1964), although the underlying assumption of the pipe model theory that all xylem in the stem are conductive is not valid (Lehnebach et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ramification has little impact on shoot hydraulic efficiency in the sexually dimorphic genus Leucadendron (Proteaceae)

Roddy

Blerk

Midgley

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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Despite the diversity of branching architectures in plants, the impact of this morphological variation on hydraulic efficiency has been poorly studied. Branch junctions are commonly thought to be points of high hydraulic resistance, but adjustments in leaf area or xylem conduit abundance or dimensions could compensate for the additional hydraulic resistance of nodal junctions at the level of the entire shoot. Here we used the sexually dimorphic genus Leucadendron (Proteaceae) to test whether variation in branch ramification impacts shoot hydraulic efficiency. We found that branch ramification was related to leaf traits via Corner’s rules such that more highly ramified shoots had smaller leaves, but that branch ramification had little consistent impact on shoot hydraulic efficiency, whether measured on a leaf area or stem cross-sectional area basis. These results suggest that the presumed increase in resistance associated with branching nodes can be compensated by other adjustments at the shoot level (e.g. leaf area adjustments, increased ramification to add additional branches in parallel rather than in series) that maintain hydraulic efficiency at the level of the entire shoot. Despite large morphological differences between males and females in the genus Leucadendron, which are due to differences in pollination and reproduction between the sexes, the physiological differences between males and females are minimal.

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Corner's rules as a framework for plant morphology, architecture and functioning – issues and steps forward

Cited by 20 publications

References 66 publications

Towards the flower economics spectrum

Towards the flower economics spectrum

Adaptive trait syndromes along multiple economic spectra define cold and warm adapted ecotypes in a widely distributed foundation tree species

Ramification has little impact on shoot hydraulic efficiency in the sexually dimorphic genus Leucadendron (Proteaceae)

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