“…Furthermore, geometrical signal propagation models have to account for two types of obstructions that affect the signal: static obstructions (e.g., road surface, buildings, overpasses, hills, etc.) and (Nagel & Eichler (2008) and Giordano et al (2010)) and proposed models for accurately quantifying the impact of static obstacles. However, due to the nature of VANETs, where communication is often performed in V2V fashion, it is reasonable to expect that the moving vehicles will act as obstacles to the signal, often affecting the signal propagation even more than static obstacles (e.g., in case of an open road).…”