Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss Induced by Air Bags

Air bags and ocular injuries.

“…However, 113 fatalities, inclu(ding 51 clhildren aind 15 inifants, have been attributed to the air bag deploymn-ent, many occurring during slow-speed crashes. '…”

Simulation of airbag impact on eyes after photorefractive keratectomy by finite element analysis method

“…Further study incorporating evaluation of the healing process is necessary to better assess the effect of both PRK and LASIK on the ocular response to blunt trauma. Although there are a limited number of reports of globe rupture by blunt trauma in patients with PRKone being a case of full-thickness corneal rupture in an eye after PRK [28]-and the results of this experimental study cannot be directly applied to the human eye, considering the several reports of significant airbag-induced ocular injuries of intact eyes [2, 7,8,9,18,27,30] and the finding that posterior segment lesions caused by blunt trauma are more severe in the PRK eye than in the RK eye [27], our results suggest that in eyes weakened by PRK the risk of serious intraocular complications due to deformation by blunt trauma may increase.…”

“…The modified model of the dummy was used in a full sled test configuration including an airbag as described previously [34]. In accordance with previous reports on airbag deployment velocity [8,19,29], for comparison of various airbag impact velocities and to determine the threshold velocity causing globe rupture the airbag patch impacted on the face at velocities of 20, 30, and 40 m/s.…”

“…Although airbag-induced ocular injuries are rare, they still present a serious concern because of the possibility of permanent damage or visual impairment. Airbag-induced mechanical ocular injuries include corneal abrasion, corneal laceration, corneal endothelial cell loss, angle recession, hyphema, cyclodialysis cleft, retinal hemorrhage, and retinal detachment [2,7,8,9,18,27,30]. There have been several cases of corneal injuries caused by airbags in patients who have undergone LASIK [15,23].…”

Biomechanical modeling of eye trauma for different orbit anthropometries

“…Motor vehicle crashes (Anderson et al, 2002;Duma and Crandall, 2000;Duma et al, 2002Duma et al, , 1996Duma et al, , 2005Fukagawa et al, 1993;Kuhn et al, 1994;Lehto et al, 2003;Lueder, 2000;Muller-Jensen and Allmaras, 1969;Rao et al, 2008), military operations (Biehl et al, 1999;Colyer et al, 2008;Heier et al, 1993;Mader et al, 1993Mader et al, , 2006Thach et al, 2008;Weichel et al, 2008), and ocular impacts with sporting equipment and consumer products Cassen, 1997;Chisholm, 1969;Hecker, 2007;Pardhan et al, 1995;Rodriguez et al, 2003;Thach et al, 1999;Vinger et al, 1997) are common causes of eye injuries. In motor vehicle crashes, severe eye injury can result from impact with an airbag, flying glass, or foam particles from the vehicle's dashboard.…”