Corn husk derived activated carbon with enhanced electrochemical performance for high-voltage supercapacitors

Rani, Malothu Usha; Nanaji, Katchala; Rao, Tata N.; Deshpande, Atul Suresh

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228387

Cited by 136 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Raman spectra indicated two characteristic peaks, known as the D and G bands (1351 and 1587 cm –1 ), and a minor, but broad, G’ band (2800 cm –1 ). The D band implies defects within the graphitic layers of the biochars/biocarbons while the G band signifies more ordered sp 2 hybridized correlating to −CC– bonding . The minor G′ band denotes interlayer interactions of graphite and is composed of multiple bands, hence the broad nature of the peak .…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphitized Biocarbon Derived from Hydrothermally Liquefied Low-Ash Corn Stover

Shell

Amar

Bobb

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Graphitized biocarbon can be utilized for energy-storage applications such as supercapacitors. The scientific community has geared its attention to obtain such value-added products from abundantly available and low-cost biomass feedstock agricultural residues such as corn stover. Lignocellulosic components embedded within the cell wall of biomass substrates can provide a fine template for enhanced ion storage, transport, and rate capabilities, desirable for electrochemical storage. Presented is the utilization of homogenized low-ash content corn stover milled and sieved to desired specifications, which underwent hydrothermal liquefaction in the presence of Ni-based catalytic salts at 275 °C. The hydrochar obtained using the solid residue extracted from the reaction slurry was washed to acid neutral. The materials were subjected to catalytic activation using ZnCl 2 followed by thermal annealing at 400 °C for morphological and pore size enhancement of the resulting biochar. Carbonization was performed on acid-neutralized hydrochar at 850 °C to further enhance pore structures and increase graphitization for improved conductivity. Catalytic materials exhibited a specific capacitance of 316 F g −1 and held a 100% retention beyond 10,000 cycles. The Brunauer−Emmett−Teller method, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are discussed herein.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphitized Biocarbon Derived from Hydrothermally Liquefied Low-Ash Corn Stover

Shell

Amar

Bobb

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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show abstract

“…Here, the D band indicates defects within the graphitized layers of the biochar or biocarbon, whereas the G band corresponds to ordered sp 2 hybridized C═C bonding within crystal lattice. [ 27 ] By taking the ratio of intensities matching the D and G bands ( I D : I G ), determination of degree of graphitization, a physio‐characteristic parameter, can be performed. A lower ratio indicates a higher degree of graphitization correlating with higher conductivity within the material framework.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoremediation of Nickel via Water Hyacinth for Biocarbon‐Derived Supercapacitor Applications

et al. 2021

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Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes, WH) is cultivated in a hydroponic system containing various concentrations of Ni2+ to demonstrate phytoremediation techniques as a facile, low‐cost, and sustainable method for synthesizing high‐performance biocarbon electrode materials. A high specific capacitance of 541 F g−1 in 2 m potassium hydroxide (KOH) is achieved for WH‐5 biocarbon with an energy density of 30.5 Wh kg−1. Materials are assembled into a coin cell supercapacitor capable of lasting 10 000 cycles with 100% capacitance retention. Surface area characterizations support these results with an SBET of 3429 m2 g−1, a VBET of 2.13 cm3 g−1, and an Sp avg of 2.5 nm, indicating enhanced pore formation and functional group cleaving. Raman spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform IR (ATR‐FTIR), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) give further insight into physical characteristics of the biocarbon that lead to improved electrochemical performance. This work describes an optimal concentration of preabsorbed Ni2+ catalyst (5 ppm in H2O) capable of achieving 98% of theoretical capacitance and value‐added environmental cleanup associated with synergistic remedial techniques.

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“…It is clearly shown that the increase of KOH dosage increases the C content of MJ-1, MJ-3, and MJ-5 from 83.7% to 86.5% and 92.2% and decreases the oxygen concentrations gradually from 16.3 wt% to 13.5 wt% and eventually to 7.5 wt%, respectively. Compared with the Raman results, the decrease in heteroatom contents was conducive to producing defects and facilitating the transformation of the related functional groups into pores [ 43 , 44 ]. The chemical states and groups of MJ-x and YP-50 carbons were further measured using XPS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Derived Carbon with Tailored Hierarchical Pore Structures and Ultra-High Specific Surface Area for Superior and Advanced Supercapacitors

et al. 2021

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We report here on a hollow-fiber hierarchical porous carbon exhibiting an ultra-high specific surface area, synthesized by a facile method of carbonization and activation, using the Metaplexis Japonica (MJ) shell. The Metaplexis Japonica-based activated carbon demonstrated a very high specific surface area of 3635 m2 g−1. Correspondingly, the derived carbonaceous material delivers an ultra-high capacitance and superb cycle life in an alkaline electrolyte. The pore-ion size compatibility is optimized using tailored hierarchical porous carbon and different ion sized organic electrolytes. In ionic liquids nonaqueous based electrolytes we tailored the MJ carbon pore structure to the electrolyte ion size. The corresponding supercapacitor shows a superior rate performance and low impedance, and the device records specific energy and specific power densities as high as 76 Wh kg−1 and 6521 W kg−1, as well as a pronounced cycling durability in the ionic liquid electrolytes. Overall, we suggest a protocol for promising carbonaceous electrode materials enabling superior supercapacitors performance.

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Corn husk derived activated carbon with enhanced electrochemical performance for high-voltage supercapacitors

Cited by 136 publications

References 63 publications

Graphitized Biocarbon Derived from Hydrothermally Liquefied Low-Ash Corn Stover

Graphitized Biocarbon Derived from Hydrothermally Liquefied Low-Ash Corn Stover

Phytoremediation of Nickel via Water Hyacinth for Biocarbon‐Derived Supercapacitor Applications

Bio-Derived Carbon with Tailored Hierarchical Pore Structures and Ultra-High Specific Surface Area for Superior and Advanced Supercapacitors

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